Www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 By Your Name CCNA 3 Chapter 1 Review: The OSI Reference Model and Routing. - презентация

1 Copyright 2003 By Your Name CCNA 3 Chapter 1 Review: The OSI Reference Model and Routing

2 Copyright 2003 Objectives Describe the overall function of the OSI reference model and the problems it solves Describe the characteristics of the: –OSI physical layer –OSI data link layer –OSI network layer –OSI transport layer Describe the function of routing in networks Understand the different classes of routing protocols

3 Copyright 2003 Benefits of the OSI Model?

4 Copyright 2003 OSI Layers with Purpose

5 Copyright 2003 Peer-to-Peer Communication

6 Copyright 2003 Data Encapsulation

7 Copyright 2003 Types of Ethernet Ethernet and IEEE LAN specifications, which operate at 10 Mbps over coaxial and twisted- pair cable. 100-Mbps Ethernet A single LAN specification, also known as Fast Ethernet, which operates at 100 Mbps over twisted-pair cable Mbps Ethernet A single LAN specification, also known as Gigabit Ethernet, which operates at 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over fiber and twisted-pair cables. 10 Gigabit Ethernet is only supported over fiber optic media.

8 Copyright 2003 Three Varieties of 10 Mbps Ethernet 10BASE-2 –Known as thin Ethernet or thinnet –Allows network segments up to 185 meters on coaxial cable 10BASE-5 –Known as thick Ethernet or thicknet –Allows network segments up to 500 meters on coaxial cable 10BASE-T –Carries Ethernet frames on inexpensive twisted- pair wiring

9 Copyright 2003 Encapsulation

10 Copyright 2003 The Physical Layer

11 Copyright 2003 The Data Link Layer The Ethernet/802.3 Interface

12 Copyright 2003 Comparing Models

13 Copyright 2003 Address Classes

14 Copyright 2003 Address Class Prefixes

15 Copyright 2003 Subnetting Chart

16 Copyright 2003 Layer 3 Addresses - Path and Host Information

17 Copyright 2003 ICMP Testing

18 Copyright 2003 How ARP Works

19 Copyright 2003 Routing Table

20 Copyright 2003 IGP vs. EGP

21 Copyright 2003 Path Determination

22 Copyright 2003 Network and Host Addressing

23 Copyright 2003 Path Selection and Packet Switching

24 Copyright 2003 Network Layer Devices in Data Flow

25 Copyright 2003 Routing Metrics

26 Copyright 2003 Routed Versus Routing Protocol

27 Copyright 2003 Path Switching The network layer (3) address does not change. The data link layer (2) MAC address changes for each segment.

28 Copyright 2003 Static Versus Dynamic Routes The purpose of a static route Why dynamic routing is necessary Dynamic routing operations How distances on network paths are determined by various metrics Classes of routing protocols Time for convergence

29 Copyright 2003 Static Versus Dynamic Routes

30 Copyright 2003 Dynamic Routing Operations

31 Copyright 2003 Routing Protocols A routing protocol defines the set of rules used by a router when it communicates with neighboring routers, including the following: –How to send updates –What knowledge these updates contain –When to send this knowledge –How to locate recipients of the updates

32 Copyright 2003 Time to Convergence

33 Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Routing Basics Routing updates explained The problem of routing loops The problem of counting to infinity Link-state routing basics How link-state protocols exchange routing information How topology changes propagate through the network of routers

34 Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Routing Basics

35 Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Discovery

36 Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Topology Changes

37 Copyright 2003 Routing Metric Components

38 Copyright 2003 Link-State Routing Basics

39 Copyright 2003 Counting to Infinity

40 Copyright 2003 Split Horizon

41 Copyright 2003 Route Poisoning

42 Copyright 2003 Link-State Network Discovery

43 Copyright 2003 Link-State Topology Changes

44 Copyright 2003 Link-State Concerns

45 Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Versus Link State

46 Copyright 2003 Hybrid Protocols Ciscos EIGRP

47 Copyright 2003 The Transport Layer Segmenting upper-layer applications Establishing a connection Data transfer Reliability with windowing Acknowledgment techniques

48 Copyright 2003 "Reliable" Transport

49 Copyright 2003 Three-Way Handshake

50 Copyright 2003 Data Transfer

51 Copyright 2003 Windowing – Flow Control

52 Copyright 2003 Positive Acknowledgment