COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES 20021 Generative Part Structural Analysis CATIA Training Foils Version 5 Release 8 March 2002 EDU-CAT-E-GPS-FF-V5R8. - презентация

1 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Generative Part Structural Analysis CATIA Training Foils Version 5 Release 8 March 2002 EDU-CAT-E-GPS-FF-V5R8

2 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Course Presentation Objectives of the course In this course you will learn how to perform Static and Modal Analyses (create analysis documents, compute and visualize) on a single Part. Targeted audience CATIA V5 Users Prerequisites Mechanical Design Fundamentals in CATIAV5 1.5 days

3 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Table of Contents (1/2) 1. Introduction to GPS Analysisp Accessing the Workbench p User Interfacep User Settingsp Static Analysis Pre-Processingp Creating a new Analysis Documentp Saving Analysis Documentsp Define Restraintsp Define Loadsp Advanced Pre-Processing Toolsp Results Computation of a Static Analysisp Specifying External Storagep Computing p Static Results Visualization and Refinementp Image Creationp Images Layoutp Results Managementp Other Capabilitiesp Historic of Computationp Parabolic Element Typep Global and Local Mesh Refinementp Mesh Adaptativityp Knowledgeware for Analysis p.67

4 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Table of Contents (2/2) 5. Virtual Partp The Various Transmission Types Listp Examples Showing Various Transmission Typesp Example of Rigid Spring Virtual parts usep Applying Actions to Virtual Parts p Dynamic Pre-Processing and Computationp Creating Additional Mass Equipmentp Unrestrained or Restrained Partp Computing the Analysisp Dynamics Results Visualizationp Image Creationp Results Managementp Elements tests with ELFINI solverp TE4 and TE10 comparison p Static Analysisp Frequency Analysisp Buckling Analysisp.96 Frequently-Asked Questionsp.97

5 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Introduction to GPS Analysis In this lesson, you will learn about the Generative Part Structural Analysis Workbench by : Accessing The Workbench User Interface User Settings

6 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Accessing the Workbench In this lesson, you will learn about the Generative Part Structural Analysis Workbench. Be sure that the Part being studied has a material applied. This action can only be performed in the Part Design Workbench 3- Modal or Static Analysis. A new CATAnalysis document is created. 2- Analysis & Simulation 1- Start

7 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Restraints Mass External Storage Management 1.2. User Interface - Toolbars Standard toolbar Results visualization Report of results Structure Compute Images Loads

8 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES User Interface - Icons Structure Mesh Specification Connection Advanced Connection Virtual Part Analysis Results Basic Analysis Report Historic Of Computations Listing Image Creation Deformation Stress Von Mises Displacement Solver Tools Storage Location Clear Storage Temporary Data Directory Mass Equipment Mass Restraints Application Clamp Mechanical Restraint Advanced Restraint Results Visualization Animate Cut Plane Analysis Deformation Scale Factor Search Image Extrema Informations Image Layout Computation Compute Loads Application Pressure Force Acceleration Force Density Enforced Displacement

9 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Analysis Tree Associated Generative Part Pre- Processing Input Images of Results User Interface - Specification Tree Mesh Specifications External Storage

10 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES This enables you to faster access the analysis workbench User Settings - Shortcut Of Analysis Icon 2- Transfer Generative Structural Analysis from Available to Favorites 1- Select Customize… from Tools menu 3- Access Analysis Workbench through this icon

11 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES In Part Design Workbench, customize Render Style by adding material visualization. This will also enable you to view analysis images in average-iso visualization mode. We will activate Materials so that material render styles are displayed User Settings - Customizing View Modes 2- Click on Apply Customized View 3- Activate Materials and click OK. 1- Select Render Style from the View menu

12 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES This enhances the visualization of selected faces. User Settings - Highlighting Faces and Edges 1- Select Options… from the Tools menu 2- Click Display 3- Click Navigation 4- Activate Highlight faces and edges

13 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES User Settings - Show / No Show Visualization 1- Select Options… from the Tools menu 3- Click Tree2- Click Display 4- Activate Visualization of Show / NoShow

14 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Static Analysis Pre-Processing In this lesson, you will learn how to create a new Analysis Document, how to save it and how to define Restraints and Loads on a Part. Create a New Analysis Document Save Analysis Documents Define Restraints Define Loads Advanced Pre-Processing Tools

15 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES General Process for a Static Analysis Ensure that part has material defined then Open Static Analysis Workbench Apply Restraints to the model Apply Loads to the model Analyze the Results Refine the Analysis Perform Computation Create Images

16 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES A Material must be applied to the studied Part. This can only be peformed in the Part Design Workbench. 1- Click on the Material icon 2- Select a Material 4- Apply 2.1. Document Creation - Assigning Materials 5- Check 3- Select a Part

17 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES New Analysis Documents, entitled CATAnalysis files, can be created in various ways. There are 3 ways to create a new Analysis Document : Document Creation -Three Ways Workbench Icon File menuStart menu

18 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Here is how to create a new Analysis Document using the Start menu. Document Creation - Using Start Menu 1- Click Start 2- Click Generative Structural Analysis 3- Select Static or Frequency Analysis

19 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES There are various ways to save an Analysis Document and its parent documents. It is important to achieve this correctly with an assembly analysis document, for the assembly has to be properly linked with all the parts it is made from. Only those documents that have been modified will be saved or proposed for the saving Saving an Analysis Document Save will save the active Analysis Document Save As... is similar to Save, but it allows you to specify the name and folder for the active Analysis Document Save All will propose saving all open documents and children of these documents

20 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Save Management… is an easy way to save all modified documents under user- specified names. All modified open documents will be proposed for saving, regardless of which document is active Document Saving - Under Specified Names 1- Select Save Management… 2- Specify which documents to be saved

21 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Send To is an easy way to save all linked documents in a user specified directory. Available files Files that will be saved Document Saving - Send To Mechanism Use this option if you want the directory structure of the selected files list to be duplicated. Else the selected files will be copied directly under the target directory. 1- Select Send To & Directory 2- Use these arrows to switch selected files between Can be copied and Will be copied 4- Select the target directory 3- Click here to modify the selected target name 2- Use theses arrows to switch all the files between Can be copied and Will be copied

22 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Clamps are restraints applied to surface or curve geometries, on which all nodes are to be blocked in the subsequent analysis Define Restraints - Clamps 1- Click on the Clamp Icon in the Restrain Toolbar 2- Select the geometry support(s) (Surfaces or Edges). 3- Click OK Symbols associated to a null translation in all directions of the selected geometry are displayed. A Clamp object appears in the Specification Tree under the active Restraints objects set. Any selectable geometry is highlighted when you drag the cursor over it.

23 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Surface Sliders are surface constraint joints, which allow points of a surface to slide along a coinciding rigid surface. They are applied to surface geometries. 1- Click on Surface Slider Icon Symbols on Geometry Features Tree Define Restraints - Surface Sliders 2- Select the Geometry Support(s) (Surfaces) 3- Click OK

24 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Advanced Restraints are generic restraints allowing you to fix any combination of available nodal degrees of freedom (dof) on arbitrary geometries. 2- Select axis type Define Restraints - Advanced Restraints 1- Select the support(s) (Surfaces or Edges) 3- Activate degrees to be fixed The rotation degrees are relevant only for structural element meshes (i.e. shell elements), or Virtual Parts.

25 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Iso-static Restraints are Statically Definite Restraints allowing you to simply support a Body. Define Restraints - Iso-static Restraints 1- Click on the iso-static restraints Icon 2- Select a geometry 3- Click OK

26 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Pressures are intensive loads representing uniform scalar pressure fields applied to surface geometries, hence the force direction is everywhere normal to the surface. 1- Click on the Pressure Icon Symbols representing the Pressure Loads are displayed. A Loads object appears in the Features Tree under the active Loads objects set Define Loads - Pressure Loads 2- Select the geometry support(s) (Surfaces). Any selectable geometry is highlighted when you drag the cursor over it. 4- Click OK 3- Specify a pressure value or Open a Data File for mapping

27 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Distributed Forces (Moments) are force systems statically equivalent to a given pure force (couple) resultant at a given point, distributed on a virtual part or on a geometric selection. Define Loads - Distributed Forces and Moments 1- Select support(s) (Surfaces or Edges) 2- Select axis type 3- Specify force

28 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Accelerations are intensive loads representing mass body force (acceleration) fields of uniform magnitude applied to parts. Define Loads - Acceleration (Gravity Body Forces) 1- Select support(s) (Surfaces or Edges) 2- Select axis type 3- Specify vector

29 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Rotation Forces are intensive loads representing mass body force (acceleration) fields induced by rotational motion applied to parts. Define Loads - Rotation Forces 1- Select support(s) (Surfaces or Edges) 2- Select axis 3- Specify angle velocity and acceleration (if necessary)

30 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Force Densities are intensive loads representing line (surface) traction fields or volume body force fields, of uniform magnitude, applied to either curve (surface) geometries, or to parts. Define Loads - Force Densities 1- Select support(s) 2- Select axis type 3- Specify vector Or Open a data file for mapping an external load

31 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Enforced Displacements are equivalent loads applied to support geometries, resulting for the subsequent analysis in assigning non-zero values to displacements in previously restrained directions. An Enforced Displacement object is by definition associated to a Restraint object. Define Loads - Enforced Displacements 1- Select restraint 2- Enter values for each restrained dof

32 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Instead of specifying each component of the force vector, you can simply define the force direction by using the compass. This will ensure that the force is defined relatively to the part, whatever its positioning Advanced Pre-Processing Tools - Force with Compass 1- Click on the loads icon 2- Select support and specify force vector norm 3- Drag the compass by handling the red square and drop it on the appropriate surface 4- Use Compass to define vector direction

33 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Instead of using the global axis system, you can use an implicit one if you want your pre-processing to be defined with respect to the part. You can also specify a user defined axis system if you have created one in Part Design. In that case, the dof directions of an advanced restraint, or the components of a force, will be processed with respect to the the specified Axis system. Their interpretation will further depend on your Axis Type choice. The restrain rotations are available only with surfacic geometry. Advanced Pre-Processing Tools - Axis Systems 1- Select a user defined axis system type 3- Select axis system local orientation 4- Fix dofs (in Advanced Restraint case) 2- Select an existing axis system in the features tree

34 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Results Computation of a Static Analysis In this lesson, you will learn how to compute a Static Analysis. Specifying External Storage Computing

35 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES All ELFINI Solver computations are systematically stored in a structured way out of core memory, on an external file which paths name is External Storage. The link between the CATAnalysis document and the External Storage is maintained after the end of a session, in a way similar to the link between a CATPart and the associated CATAnalysis document. It is recommended that you locate your external storage where there is sufficient space. There are two solutions to Modify the storage path which are : the toolbar buttons or the specification tree Specifying External Storage (1/4) 1- Click on the Storage icon in the Solver Tools toolbar The Elfini Storage Location dialog box is displayed 3- Select a path for the External Storage directories 4- Click Save 2- Click the Modify button 5- Click OK

36 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Specifying External Storage (2/4) The other method is to use the tree specifications. A dialog box is displayed The new path appears in the features tree 1- Double click on the path you want to modify 2- Select a new path 3- Click OK

37 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Specifying External Storage (3/4) Each new computation will generate files. A new file will replace the corresponding old one. Before launching a new computation you may clear the Computation Data and / or the Results if you want it to supersede the previous one. The following data structure is created in the external storage directories : 1- Click the Clear Storage icon 2- Select the action you want Computation filesResult files

38 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click the Compute icon Computing (1/4) Once you have successfully defined Restraints and Loads in your Static Analysis Case, you can undertake the actual results computation of that case. 2- Activate the All (default) option. Upon successful completion of the computation the status of all objects in the analysis features tree is changed to valid. The Compute dialog box is displayed. Activate Preview if you want an estimation of the computation time. A series of status messages (Meshing, Factorization, Solution) informs you about the progress of the computing process. 3- Click OK (or Yes) to launch the computation.

39 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES You can edit the default values of the Computation parameters of a Case Solution as follows : Computing (2/4) 1- Double-click the Solution objects set in the analysis features tree to display the Computation Definition dialog box. For the gradient method two additional parameters must be specified 2- Activate the method you want to apply.

40 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES There are four different solving methods for a static analysis : 1- Auto method : One of the three methods below is automatically computed. 2- Gauss method : Direct method. 3- Gradient method : Solving iterative method which is memory saving but not CPU time saving. 4- Gauss R6 method : Fast Gauss method. Recommended for any analysis method. Recommended for computing small/medium models. Recommended for computing huge models. Two additional parameters must be specified : maximum iteration number and accuracy factor. Recommended for computing large size models. Computing (3/4)

41 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES To calculate, the computer needs a temporary storage location which is cleaned up when the associated analysis session is closed. Specifying External Storage (4/4) With this option you can indicate the data storage location. 1- Click this icon 2- Click Modify to select a new directory 3- Select a new path 4-5- Validate with OK

42 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Duplicate CATIA Installation icon. Computing (4/4) While CATIA computes your analysis, the interactive mode is not available. So, you may launch a batch which performs the computation. 4- As a result, when you launch the batch, a panel appears in which you will enter the name of the file to be updated as well as the name of the model to be computed. 2- Rename the duplicated icon ( for example, CNextBatch). 3- Edit the CNextBatch file and at the end of the file, replace start CNEXT.exe -env %GenericEnvName% with the following: start CNEXT.exe -env %GenericEnvName% -batch -e CATAnalysisBatch.

43 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Static Results Visualization and Refinement In this lesson, you will learn about the Post-Processing capabilities of GPS and about performing a Refined Static Analysis. Image Creation Images Layout Results Management Other Capabilities Historic of Computation Parabolic Element Type Global and Local Mesh Refinement Mesh Adaptativity Knowledgeware for Analysis

44 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Deformed Mesh images are used to visualize the finite element model in its deflected configuration, as a result of the environmental action (loading) Image Creation - Deformations 1- Click the Deformation icon. The Deformed Mesh image is displayed and a Deformed Mesh Image object appears in the feature tree under the active Static Case Solution objects set. If you de-activate this button you get the initial, i.e. undeformed, mesh. You can also set a shrink coefficient for all the elements of your mesh. 2- To customize the visualization, double-click the Deformed Mesh Image object in the feature tree to edit the image. The Image Fem Editor dialog box is displayed. You can choose to see just one entity.

45 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Von Mises Stress images are used to visualize Von Mises stress field patterns, which represent a scalar field quantity obtained from the volume distortion energy density and used to assess the state of stress. 1- Click the Von Mises icon The Von Mises stress distribution on the part is visualized in iso-value mode, along with a color palette, and a Stress Von Mises Image object appears in the feature tree. Image Creation - Von Mises Stress 2- To customize the visualization, double-click the Von Mises Stress Image object in the feature tree to edit the image. The Image Editor dialog box is displayed. If you de-activate this toggle button the Von Mises stress image is displayed on the undeformed mesh. For a sound structural design, the maximum value of the Von Mises stress is generally considered to be less than the material yield stress value.

46 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Displacement images are used to visualize displacement field patterns, which represent a vector field quantity equal to the variation of position vectors of material particles. The displacement resulting from part loading is necessary for a correct evaluation of the way in which the part behaves. 1- Click the Displacements icon The Displacements distribution on the part is visualized in arrow symbol mode, along with a color palette. Image Creation - Displacements If you de-activate this button the Displacements image is displayed on the undeformed mesh. You can choose between a symbolic view (vectors) or an average-iso view (colors), and filter the desired displacement vectors components. 2- To customize the visualization, double-click the Displacements Image object in the feature tree to edit the image. The Image Editor dialog box is displayed.

47 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click the Principal Stress icon Stress Principal Value images are used to visualize principal stress field patterns, which represent a tensor field quantity used to measure the state of stress and to determine the load path on the part. At each node, the principal stress tensor shows the directions along which the part is in a state of pure tension/compression and the corresponding tensile/compressive stresses. The Principal Values Stress Tensor distribution on the part is visualized in symbol mode, along with a color palette : at each point, a set of three directions is represented by line symbols (principal directions of stress). Arrow directions (inwards / outwards) indicate the sign of the principal stress. The color code provides quantitative information. Image Creation - Principal Stresses If you de-activate this button the Principal Stress image is displayed on the undeformed mesh. You can choose between a symbolic view or discontinuous-iso view (colors), and filter the desired principal stress tensors components. 2- To customize the visualization, double- click the Principal Stress Image object in the feature tree to edit the image. The Image Editor dialog box is displayed.

48 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click the Precision icon Estimated Error images are used to visualize computation error maps, and evaluate the validity of the computation. It displays a predicted energy error norm map which gives qualitative insight about the error distribution on the part. The Estimated Error distribution on the part is visualized in fringe pattern mode, along with a color palette. Image Creation - Precision If you activate this button the precision image is displayed on the deformed mesh. 2- To customize the visualization, double-click the precision Image object in the feature tree to edit the image. The Image Editor dialog box is displayed.

49 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Image Creation - Switching from one Image to Another When you create several images, the last created one is active. Here are two different ways to switch to a previously created image. 2- You can activate and de-activate images with a right mouse click (key 3) in the features tree or directly on the image display. 1- Click on the icon of an image you have already created. This will have the effect of making that image active, if you didnt modify its default parameters : otherwise a new one will be created.

50 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Images Layout Generated images corresponding to several analysis results are superimposed. If the global image cannot be properly visualized, you can tile these superimposed images into as many layout images in the 3D view. The images appear as superimposed 2- Click Images Layout icon Images can be detached from each other 3- Select the direction along which you will tile the images. 1- In the tree, activate the images you want to see.

51 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Select the image(s) you want to display. 2- Click the Image Animation icon in the Analysis Tools toolbar. You can set the Number of frames parameter up to its maximum value (20) by pressing the Up combo. This gives you a smoother animation. It is also slower Results Management - Image Animation Image Animation is a continuous display of a sequence of frames obtained from a given image. Each frame represents the result displayed with a different amplitude. Running the frames sequence gives a feeling of motion. The image(s) is(are) animated with default animation parameters and the Animation dialog box is displayed. You can select which Play Mode you want.

52 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Select images and click the Cut Plane icon in the bottom toolbar. The Cut Plane Analysis dialog box is displayed. 2- You can handle the compass with the mouse to rotate or translate the Cutting Plane, and visualize an internal image field. Results Management - Cut Plane Analysis Cut Plane Analysis consists in visualizing results in a plane section through the structure. By dynamically changing the location and orientation of the cutting plane, you can rapidly analyze the results inside the system. The compass is automatically positioned on the part. Before selectionning Cut Plane icon, you can put the compass on the face you want the plane to be at first.

53 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Amplitude Modulation consists in scaling the maximum displacement amplitude for visualizing a deformed mesh image. You can either choose a large scaling coefficient to zoom on the deflected geometry or a small coefficient to obtain a more realistic visualization. The Amplitude Modulation function is useful for superimposed images to have the same amplitude modulation. 1- Select an image and display it on the deformed geometry 2- Click the Amplitude Modulation icon in the bottom toolbar Results Management - Amplitude Modulation The Deform Window dialog box is displayed 3- You can now change the magnification in three different ways : - Using the cursor. - Setting the Deformed Coefficient value. - Setting the Maximum Displacement value. You can reinitialized the coefficient

54 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Select an image (typically Von Mises Stress). 2- Click the Extrema Detection icon in the Analysis Tools toolbar Results Management - Extrema Detection Extrema Detection consists in localizing points where a results field is maximum or minimum. You can ask the program to detect both absolute extrema and an arbitrary number of local extrema for your field. The Image Extremum Create dialog box is displayed 3- Enter the number of absolute and/or local extrema ( = identical values ) to detect. 4- Click OK The extrema values are indicated on the image and in the tree

55 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES For example with, the informations are : 1- Visualize a results image of your analysis solution 2- Click the Image Information icon A specific Image Information box is displayed. Results Management - Image Information For each image that you visualize, you have access to a specific Image Information box. This is particularly useful for the Von Mises and Precision images, for it is the only way to know the yield strengh of the materials in the part, and the global precision of your analysis. With, the informations are :

56 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click the Report icon in the Analysis Report toolbar. An HTML file containing the Report of the Static Case Solution objects set computation is displayed. Results Management - Reporting A Report is a summary of an objects set computation results and status messages, saved in an editable file. The Reporting Options dialog box is displayed Pressing the button on the right gives you access to your file system for defining a path for the output Report file. You can edit the title of the report. 3- Click OK 2- Choose an analysis case from the list

57 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES When an image is displayed, you can get relevant local information by draging the mouse cursor over elements or symbols. Node and element numbersDisplacement vector components Von Mises values on nodesEstimated energy error for each element 4.4. Other Capabilities - Dynamic Query on Mesh

58 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES You can edit the number of colors, and imposed the values over which the color will be red, and under which it will be blue The color repartition will be determined either by values over the entire model, or by values only on boundary Other Capabilities - Customizing the Color Palette For images coming with a color palette, editing the palette enables the user to emphasize on particular values spread on the parts. The palette dialog box is displayed. 1- Double click on the Palette to edit it

59 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Historic of Computation You can have an historic of the number of elements, nodes, etc. from the first computation to the last. 3- Click the Historic of Computation icon in the Analysis Result toolbar. 2- Make one or several successive computations 1- Create the Sensors you want to keep track of The historic graph is displayed

60 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES To improve the precision of your analysis results, the first step is to increase the number of degrees of your elements, and compute with parabolic TE10 elements instead of the linear TE4 elements. TE10 parabolic elements have 10 nodes each, whereas TE4 linear elements only have 4 nodes. With parabolic elements, unknown field inside the element is interpolated with 2nd order polynomials. Two methods exist to change the element type. The mesh specifications box is displayed The element type specification box is displayed Parabolic Element Type 3- Activate Parabolic 2- Activate Parabolic 1- Double click either on the mesh specifications symbol or on the corresponding feature in the analysis tree. Or Click on the Element Type icon in the Mesh Specification toolbar, for a global switching from TE4 to TE10 elements.

61 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES The mesh specifications box is displayed Global and Local Mesh Refinement - Global Specifications The second step when you want to improve the precision of your analysis results is to refine the mesh of your part. You can refine both the Size of a mesh, and the Sag (chord error). This can be performed both globally or locally. The mesh size is the dimension of the element edge and the sag is a measure of how closely the element boundaries follow the geometrical support. The smaller the mesh size and sag, the more accurate your analysis results will be. 2- Reduce the global size and/or sag. 1- Click either on the mesh specifications symbol or on the corresponding feature in the analysis tree. 3- Click OK Real boundary Mesh Sag Size

62 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES For the sake of efficiency, you can specify mesh size and sag locally (for example on one of the models faces). The mesh specifications box is displayed. A local mesh specification symbol is displayed, as well as a feature in the analysis tree. Global and Local Mesh Refinement - Local Specifications 2- Select support and enter mesh value (for that you can use the dedicated tool). 1- Click either on a local specifications symbol in the mesh specifications toolbar, or add a mesh specification from the mesh specifications box. 3- Click OK

63 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES A powerful tool of GPS is the possibility to refine a given mesh only in areas of interest. You specify the areas where you want refinement to be managed with the so called Adaptativity Boxes. 2- Click the first Adaptivity Box icon. A cuboid symbol representing the Adaptivity Box is displayed on the part. 1- Perform a static analysis and compute a Static Case Solution 4.8. Mesh Adaptativity : Creating Adaptivity Boxes (1/2) The Local Adaptivity Box dialog box is displayed, and current local error inside the box is indicated. 3- Select existing Static Case Solution and specify target percentage error in Objective Error box. 4- Click OK Click to centralize the box on the extremum

64 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES You can modify the box location with the compass (3 translations and 3 rotations). As you modify the Adaptivity Box, the corresponding local error % value displayed in the Local Error field is dynamically updated. An Adaptivity Box object appears in the features tree under the active Adaptivities objects set. You can modify the box dimensions by dragging one of its 14 control points. You can create several Adaptivity Box objects associated to the same Static Solution and involving different areas of the part. Mesh Adaptativity - Creating Adaptivity Boxes (2/2)

65 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click on Adapt button in the Compute toolbar. The adaptative computation is then launched. 1- Create Adaptativity boxes in an existing Static Case Solution Mesh Adaptativity - Managing Adaptivity Adaptivity Management consists of setting global adaptivity specifications and computing adaptive solutions. The Adaptivity Convergence box is displayed. 5- Check results to see if your target error has been reached. 3- Specify the maximum number of iterations. 4- Click OK An Adaptivity Convergence object appear in the tree

66 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Perform static analysis and compute Static Case Solution. 3- Click the first Adaptivity Box icon. Mesh Adaptativity - Selecting Image Extrema You can create adaptativity boxes in such a way that they are initially centered at image extrema locations. 5- Click on Select Extremum button. The adaptativity box is automatically centered on the selected extremum. 2- Create extrema points of your image (typically Mises or Precision). 6- Select global or local extremum in tree. 4- Specify Solution and Objective Error

67 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES The powerful knowledgeware infrastructure associated to the analysis workbench allows to establish rules and generate checks with the Analysis Sensors. The Analysis Sensors allow to extract informations from results and to keep those informations available through Knowledgeware processing. Once you have successfully completed a Static Analysis Results computation, you can create sensors to edit the parameter value. Energy Sensor is created by default at the first computation. 3- In the tree, double- click on the sensor Maximum Displacement to edit the value or right click on Maximum Displacement and select Maximun Displacement Object Knowledgeware for Analysis - Sensor Creating 1- Right click in the tree on Sensors.1 function and select Create Sensor 2- Click on dispmax You have to create as many sensors as you need to use in the Knowledge Advisor.

68 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Visualization parameters setting in Options from the Tools menu Accessing the knowlegde Advisor product from the Start Menu Knowledgeware for Analysis- Knowledge Advisor Product One of knowledge use is to create rules and generate checks which are relations that can only be created with Knowledge Advisor product.

69 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES A rule is a list of actions to be performed after the analysis is performed, using all available parameters (from the geometrical model and analysis results) 1- Click on Rule icon Message generated by the rule The rule is generated in the tree Knowledgeware for Analysis - Rule Creating 2- Example of a conditional rule 3- Select an Analysis sensor in the tree for the condition 4- Write a rule

70 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES A Check is a set of relations to be verified in order to inform the user depending on its violation 1- Click on Check icon Knowledgeware for Analysis - Check Creating (1/2) 4- Select an Analysis sensor 5- Select the constraint 3- Write the message 2- Select Type of check

71 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Type of message generated by the check In the tree, checks inform the user in case of violation of the relation or not Relation isnt violatedRelation is violated Knowledgeware for Analysis - Check Creating (2/2)

72 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Rule which isnt updated Two solutions exist to update relations : Knowledgeware for Analysis - Updating Rules and Checks are automatically updated by a full computation (Compute All). Otherwise, a specific updating is necessary, as follows : In the Tree, Right Click on Relations, then select Relations object and Measure Update In the Tree, Double-click on Relations to access Knowlegde Advisor and select measure Update icon from the menu

73 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Virtual Parts In this lesson, you will learn about virtual parts. The Various Transmission Types List Examples Showing Various Transmission Types Applying Actions to Virtual Parts

74 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Smooth Virtual Parts softly transmit their actions : they dont stiffen the deformable body. Contact Virtual Parts softly transmit their actions while preventing from body inter-penetration. Rigid Virtual Parts stiffly transmit their actions : they locally stiffen the deformable body. Rigid Spring Virtual Parts stiffly transmit their actions and behave like a 6-dof spring. Smooth Spring Virtual Parts softly transmit their actions and behave like a 6-dof spring The Various Transmission Types List Virtual Parts are structures created without a geometric support. They are used to transmit action at a distance. Virtual Parts transmit actions (masses, restraints and loads) applied at the handler point, to the geometries to which they are attached. The handler point is either user-specified, or automatically defined as the centroid of the targeted geometry. Each Virtual Part type transmits its action to the real Part to which it is attached in a specific way.

75 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Rigid Spring Virtual Part 5.2. Examples Showing Various Transmission Types F Virtual Part Rigid Virtual Part Smooth Virtual Part Clamp

76 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES We want to analyze only the alternator support. The goal is to avoid meshing all the engine block where the alternator support is fixed, using Rigid Spring Virtual Parts (on which we can define stiffness data) Cylinders block Alternator support Fixations 3. Analyze the alternator support : the clamped areas are as stiffened as if we had analyzed the engine cover. So, the results are more representative. 2. Enter the equivalent stiffness for the three fixations (from experimental measures or from cylinders block analyze applying unit forces with stiffness=1/displace ment). 1. Apply three Rigid Spring Virtual Parts, and clamp them Example of Rigid Spring Virtual Parts use

77 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES There are four types of restraints that you can apply to a virtual parts handler point : - Ball joints- Pivots - Sliders- Sliding Pivots 1- Click on one of the technological restraints 3- Define an axis (except for ball joints) 5.4. Applying Actions to Virtual Parts - Restraints The restraint will automatically be applied to its handler point 4- Click OK 2- Select the Virtual Part.

78 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES You can apply two types of loads on a Virtual Part : - A distributed force - A distributed moment Just select a Virtual Part as support for the distributed force or moment Applying Actions to Virtual Parts - Loads

79 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Dynamic Pre-Processing and Computation In this lesson, you will learn how to perform a Modal Analysis on a Single Part, especially how to define Restraints and Mass Equipment on the part, and compute the Analysis. Creating Additional Mass Equipment Unrestrained or Restrained Part Computing the Analysis

80 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Ensure that part has material defined then Open Modal Analysis Work Bench General Process for a Dynamic Analysis Apply Restraints to the model Apply additional masses to the model (optional) Create Images Perform Computation Select a Dynamic Mode Analyze the Results and Refine if necessary

81 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click the Distributed Mass icon. Symbol representing the distributed mass is visualized (here on a crankshaft). A Distributed Mass object appears in the features tree under the active Masses objects set Creating Additional Mass Equipment - Distributed Mass Distributed Masses represent scalar point mass fields equivalent to a total mass concentrated at a given point, distributed on a virtual part or on a geometric support. The user specifies the total mass. This quantity remains constant independently of the geometrical support. The point where the total mass is concentrated is the centroid of the selected geometry, or the handler of the virtual part. The Distributed Mass dialog box is displayed. The distributed mass replace a component with a mass judged important for the analysis. 2- Select the support (a virtual part or a geometry). 3- Enter the value of the total mass. 4- Click OK

82 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Creating Additional Mass Equipment - Mass Densities Line (Surface) Mass Densities represent scalar line (surface) mass density fields of given intensity, applied to curve (surface) geometries. The user specifies mass density. The total mass then depends on the geometry selection. 1- Select support(s) (an edge) 2- Specify mass density

83 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES The Free Modes Dynamic Analysis Case is ready to be computed Unrestrained or Restrained Part - Free Modes Restraints are optional for Modal Analysis computations. If not created, the program will compute vibration modes for the free, unrestrained part. The Frequency Analysis case contains by default an empty restraints set as well as an empty loads set. For a free modes computation there must not be any restraints defined in the frequency analysis case. You must choose Free Frequency Analysis when starting the Analysis Workbench or insert a new frequency case with no restraints defined. Open Analysis Workbench with Free Frequency Analysis.

84 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES There are three available restraints for frequency analyses on real parts. You can use : - Clamps - Surface Sliders - Advanced Restraints You have seen before how to create these Restraints in the Static Analysis. Unrestrained or Restrained Part - Restrained Modes

85 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click the Compute icon. Upon successful completion of the computation, the status of all objects in the analysis features tree is changed to valid Computing the Analysis - Computation You compute a Frequency Case the same way you compute a Static Case. Check that the External Storage location gives enough free space. The Update dialog box is displayed. Activate Check Update Time if you want an estimation of the computation time. A series of status messages (Meshing, Factorization, Frequency Computation) informs you about the advancement of the computation process. 3- Click OK to launch the computation. 2- Activate the All (default) option.

86 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Computing the Analysis - Editing Computation Parameters You can edit the default values of the Computation Parameters of a Case Solution the following way : You may select the solving method : Gauss (default, through inverse subspace iterations) or Lanczos (more appropriate for large models > 100,000 dof s) You can also tune the maximum iteration number and accuracy parameters. 1- Double-click the Solution objects set in the analysis features tree to display the Computation Definition dialog box. 2- Specify the number of modes you want to compute.

87 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Dynamic Results Visualization In this lesson, you will learn about the Modal Post-Processing capabilities of GPS. Image Creation Results Management

88 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Once you have successfully completed a frequency case computation, you can create four types of images : - Deformations - Displacements These images are created in the same way as in a static analysis. The only difference is that you have as many separate images as there are dynamic modes Image Creation

89 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Click the Deformation icon. The Deformed Mesh image is displayed and a Deformed Mesh Image object appears in the feature tree under the active Static Case Solution objects set. Image Creation - Visualizing Deformations Deformed Mesh images are used to visualize the finite element mesh in the deformed configuration of the system, as a result of environmental action (loading).

90 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Double-click the image object in the feature tree to edit it. 2- Select the desired Dynamic Mode Image Creation - Selecting a Dynamic Mode Once they are created you can edit the displacements, stress or deformations images to select the dynamic mode you wish to visualize. There are by default ten dynamic modes available. You can have more by editing the computation parameters as seen earlier on. The Image Editor dialog box is displayed. 3- Click OK

91 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES As for a static case, you have some tools to help you analyze resulting images. Animation is very useful for modal analyzes : - Image Animation The tools we presented in the static analysis are also available here Results Management

92 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Elements tests with ELFINI solver Some tests has been made so as to know which element to use as the case may be. TE4 and TE10 comparison Static Analysis Frequency Analysis Buckling Analysis

93 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES mm mesh size – max: 1.36 mm Linear TE4 elements have a very slow convergence compare to Parabolic TE10 elements. With small mesh sizes, TE4 elements give erroneous results. 30mm mesh size – max: mm 14mm mesh size – max: mm 7mm mesh size – max: 1.16 mm TE4 TE10 7mm mesh size – max: 1.38 mm 14mm mesh size – max: 1.38 mm 3mm mesh size – max: 1.27 mm 8.1. TE4 and TE10 comparison Let see the 3D elements differences in terms of accuracy and convergence.

94 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES We notice that T6 and Q4 elements converge to the theoretical value for a 15X15 mesh. We note that Q4 elements are quite bad with intensive distortion (80 deg), but under 60deg, all the elements are good. In this case, 3D TE4 elements are quite bad, especially with important twisting, like T3 elements. The others are very corrects Static Analysis Three main points are tested here : cylindrical shells, plate with distortion, and torsion.

95 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Notice that only Q4 element has a bad behaviour from the 6 th mode. Under this mode, all the three kinds of elements have the same accuracy. Q4 element begins to have a bad behaviour from the 12 th mode. Under this mode, the accuracy is good Frequency Analysis Two kinds of free vibrations are discussed : with cylindrical and plate shells.

96 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES We notice that only T3 elements are bad for this case, and T6 and Q4 have an excellent accuracy Buckling Analysis A test of shell elements with out-of-plane buckling has been performed

97 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Frequently-Asked Questions (1/3) What is the reasonable accuracy for an analysis A good global precision is around 4 and 5 %. However, precision may be less than 10% in critical areas, and superior to 10% in low stress level areas. What is the difference between a global and a local error Global error is about all the structure, whereas local error depends on global rate and is about an area of the structure. Is it possible to apply an un-uniform force load Yes, with the Data Mapping function (see in pressure load help). How can I know if my results are corrects See the global error and verify if the residus in the equilibrium equations from the ficel file tend towards 0. Is it possible to combine two static set Direct combination of static cases is not possible. However, it is possible to create a new static case that will reference an existing Restraint and/or Load and/or Mass, each one coming from any existing case. Another possibility is to copy an existing restraint/Load/Mass from another static case. Nevertheless, data created are not associative anymore with the data copied.

98 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES What happened when a hole with boundary restraints is killed Thanks to the integration CAD-CAE, the CATAnalysis will automatically be flagged as not up to date. A message like The analysis specification XX is not applied on a support… appears. That constraint has to be deleted manually. Can we apply a pressure on a hole Yes, with the Bearing Load function. We can automatically apply distributed pressures on holes (see Help). Can I add new characteristics to the material catalog yes, in editing the Catalog.CATMaterial file. You can create families of materials and new material characteristics. If you cannot save your modifications then copy the file and deactivate the read only option. Apply your new material with the Apply Material command or directly by Copy/Paste. Frequently-Asked Questions (2/3)

99 COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES Must I keep computational data in external storage Computational data contain results from solving like the rigidity matrix and others information. If you need them for future analysis, do not delete them, they can keep you from wasting time. Frequently-Asked Questions (3/3)