Www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 CCNA 2 Chapter 16 Distance Vector Routing Protocols By Your Name. - презентация

1 Copyright 2003 CCNA 2 Chapter 16 Distance Vector Routing Protocols By Your Name

2 Copyright 2003 Objectives Distance vector routing RIP IGRP

3 Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Updates

4 Copyright 2003 RIP Configuration Issues To reduce routing loops and counting to infinity, RIP uses the following: –Counting to infinity –Split horizon –Poison reverse –Holddown counters –Triggered updates

5 Copyright 2003 Problem: Routing Loops #1

6 Copyright 2003 Problem: Routing Loops #2 Looping to Infinity

7 Copyright 2003 Problem: Routing Loops #3 Solution: Defining a Maximum

8 Copyright 2003 Problem: Routing Loops #4 Solution: Split Horizon

9 Copyright 2003 Triggered Updates Triggered update is sent immediately in response to some change in the routing table

10 Copyright 2003 Problem: Routing Loops #5 Solution: Holddown Timers

11 Copyright 2003 RIP

12 Copyright 2003 RIP Using router rip and network commands to Enable RIP Enabling RIP on an IP-addressed network Monitoring IP packet flow using the show ip protocol command The show ip route command

13 Copyright 2003 Originally defined in RFC Key characteristics include the following: –A distance vector routing protocol. –Hop count is the metric for path selection. –If the hop count exceeds 15, the packet is discarded. –By default, routing updates are broadcast every 30 seconds. Key Elements of RIP

14 Copyright 2003 RIP Configuration

15 Copyright 2003 RIP Configuration Example

16 Copyright 2003 IP Classless IP classless only affects the operation of the forwarding processes in Cisco IOS Software; it does not affect the way the routing table is built. When this feature is disabled, any packets received that are destined for a subnet that numerically falls within the routers subnetwork addressing scheme are discarded.

17 Copyright 2003 The show ip route Command

18 Copyright 2003 The show ip protocol Command

19 Copyright 2003 The show ip interfaces Command

20 Copyright 2003 The show ip route Command

21 Copyright 2003 The debug ip rip Command

22 Copyright 2003 Load Balancing with RIP Load balancing is a concept that allows a router to take advantage of multiple best paths to a given destination.

23 Copyright 2003 Administrative Distance

24 Copyright 2003 Integrating Static Route with RIP A router running RIP can receive a default route via an update from another router running RIP. Another option is for the router to generate the default route itself. The static routes can be removed using the no ip route global configuration command. The administrator can override a static route with dynamic routing information by adjusting the administrative distance values.

25 Copyright 2003 IGRP

26 Copyright 2003 IGRP Using router igrp and network commands to enable IGRP Enabling IGRP on an IP-addressed network Monitoring IP packet flow using the show ip protocol command The show ip interfaces command The show ip route command The debug ip rip command

27 Copyright 2003 Key Features of IGRP

28 Copyright 2003 The show ip protocol Command

29 Copyright 2003 The show ip interfaces Command

30 Copyright 2003 The show ip route Command

31 Copyright 2003 IGRP Routes IGRP advertises three types of routes: –Interior –System –Exterior

32 Copyright 2003 IGRP Stability Features IGRP has a number of features that are designed to enhance its stability, such as the following: –Holddowns –Split horizons –Poison-reverse updates

33 Copyright 2003 Using router igrp and network Commands

34 Copyright 2003 IGRP Configuration Example

35 Copyright 2003 Migrating RIP to IGRP

36 Copyright 2003 Verifying IGRP Configuration Some commands for checking IGRP configuration are as follows: show interface interface show running-config show running-config interface interface show running-config | begin interface interface show running-config | begin igrp show ip protocols

37 Copyright 2003 Troubleshooting IGRP The following commands are useful when troubleshooting IGRP: –show ip protocols {summary} –show ip route –debug ip igrp events IGRP protocol events –debug ip igrp transactions IGRP protocol transactions –ping –traceroute