Architecture. The art and science of designing and constructing buildings Architecture. - презентация

1 Architecture

2 The art and science of designing and constructing buildings Architecture

3 The beginnings of architecture can be traced back to the days of the caveman. Prehistoric architecture can be traced back to early man living in caves and tents.

4 Prehistoric Architecture Examples Then moving to round houses and walled dwellings. and even building stone monuments.

5 Architecture – Ancient Egypt As man evolved, so did their ability to build. Ancient Egyptian architecture is the architecture of Ancient Egypt, one of the most influential civilizations throughout history, which developed a vast array of diverse structures and great architectural monuments including pyramids and temples.

6 Architecture – Ancient Egypt The ancient Egyptians are famous for the building of the Pyramids. The pyramids were built as the burial places of the Egyptian kings. There are still over eighty pyramids in Egypt today. They are all more than 3000 years old. The architects of these pyramids were very skilled in mathematics, in technical drawing, and in knowledge of the position of the sun and stars. The pyramids were carefully designed to be in a straight line with, for example, a certain star constellation at a certain time of year, or sunrise on a particular day.

7 Architecture – Ancient Egypt The Egyptians also built magnificent temples and statues.

8 Architecture – Ancient Egypt

9 Architecture – Ancient Greek Greek architecture is a very specific and influential type of design, which was based off of the post-and-lintel system. The post-and-lintel system is made up of columns, which are large upright posts, with a roof, or architrave, over the top. This type of architecture began with the Greeks, but has persisted throughout the ages to live on today. Even though it may seem simple, the Greeks created a wonderful and lasting legacy of architecture. The columns and architraves were carved with leaves and flowers, scenes of battles, and mythological creatures. The columns were decorated with lines and bases, and capitals, which topped off the columns and connected them to the architraves.

10 The Parthenon Acropolis Architecture – Ancient Greek

11 Epidaurus Theatre Erechtheion

12 Architecture – Roman Early Roman architecture borrowed heavily from Greek architecture. However, the Romans quickly adapted their own styles and were soon inspiring the architecture of many other countries.. One of the most important additions that the Romans brought to architecture is the arch.

13 Using concrete, bricks, and the concept of the arch, Rome was able to provide many of its citizens with water. Aqueducts (water bridges) were built throughout Rome, their arch structures bringing water to areas far away from natural water supplies. Architecture – Roman

14 The arch quickly led to the dome ceilings used in many houses and buildings. Because arched and domed structures can share weight evenly, the concept was soon being used throughout the city and around the world.

15 Early medieval architecture was a continuation of Roman architecture, relying on the rounded arch and barrel vaults. During the Early Middle Ages, everything was built with the idea of protection in mind. Castles, then, werent simply giant stone structures sitting out in the open, waiting for someone to come along, knock on the door, and walk in. Rather, they were buildings within high walls, and contained what was very much like a small village inside the walls. Architecture – Gothic Castles

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17 Architecture – Gothic Churches and Cathedrals Thanks to new innovations, later medieval buildings allowed the weight of the building to be transferred from the walls to support columns outside the main structure. This made windows now possible. The structures often feature ribbed vaults, pointed arches, and sharp spires. Cathedrals and churches could now be built much higher than before, and the feeling inside them is now one of soaring upwards vertically -- an appropriate experiential effect for the nature of these sacred spaces.

18 Architecture – Gothic Churches and Cathedrals

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20 Architecture – The Chinese, Japanese and Indian Achievements In 19th century, architecture flourished greatly thanks to the development of resources. Designs influenced by Chinese, Japanese and Indian art and architecture were popular in the early 19th century. The Chinese architecture emphasized more on decorative aspect as compared to the constructive aspect. The Chinese introduced a new art of mosques and palaces of India, Turkey, Persia and Spain to the world.

21 Architecture – Chinese

22 Architecture - Japanese

23 Architecture – India TAJ MAHAL

24 Architecture – Modern Designs The Combination of early and modern architecture took place as years went by. People started incorporating the ancient architecture with the modern architecture to create eye catching buildings. As a result, architecture became a mixture of past and present. In different high profile structures, earlier and modern architecture are well blended. Any building today, regardless of whether its a commercial building, temple or a palace, you will observe that ancient architecture in it.

25 Modern Architecture The 1 st skyscraper was built in St. Louis, MO. It was 10 stories (147 feet) tall and built between 1890 and 1891.

26 Modern Architecture The tallest skyscraper today is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai and is 2717 feet tall.

27 Modern Architecture

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29 Architecture Time Lapsed Construction of One World Trade Center