L/O/G/O South Kazakhstan Medicinal Academy Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacology PRESENTATION Topic : Rational use of medicines. - презентация

1 L/O/G/O South Kazakhstan Medicinal Academy Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacology PRESENTATION Topic : Rational use of medicines in pain therapy. The tacties of using analgesies. Did : Aminzhanova D.A. Accepted: Lebedeva A.S.

2 I Introduction 1. The initial pain 2. Chronic pain 3. NSAID III Conclusion Literature Plan:

3 I Introduction Pain is perhaps the most common complaint that a patient addresses to doctors of various specialties: neurologists, traumatologists, orthopedists, rheumatologists, family and local therapists, physiotherapists, etc. About a third of all acute and chronic pain syndromes are musculoskeletal pains, and in places of their favorite localization are the lower back, neck and shoulder girdle.

4 Base part The initial pain is usually acute, sharp, intense, it goes away with the elimination of the stimulus and the restoration of the damaged tissue or organ. 1. The initial pain

5 Such pain performs a signaling function and provides activation of body systems aimed at eliminating a damaging factor.

6 However, pain is not always the answer to damage, often it has already been eliminated, and the pain remains, being no longer a protective, but a damaging factor in the body.

7 This is the so-called pathological pain, its component is necessarily present in patients suffering from chronic pain, and deserves special attention and specific therapy.

8 Chronic pain Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience (determined by sensory information, affective reactions and cognitive activity of the patient), which is associated with actual or possible tissue damage or described in terms of such damage that lasts beyond the normal healing period - more than 3 months. and which is not amenable to conventional medical treatment, effective in acute pain

9 At what point in time chronization occurs, it has not yet been possible to understand, there is no single time criterion for "chronic pain."

10 Chronic pain affects an average of 15–20% of the total population. For the most part, these are elderly people who have several diseases that provoke the development of pain syndrome of complex etiology. In terms of the frequency of such pains, pain associated with musculoskeletal problems leads.

11 Another characteristic of pain syndrome is its intensity. It is generally accepted to distinguish "weak", "moderate" and "strong" pain. This characteristic is also taken into account when choosing analgesic therapy.

12 For the selection of pain therapy, it is important to represent the primary localization of pain, its duration and the presence of chronicity, the type of pain, its qualitative characteristics. Clinical separation of pain into nociceptive, neurogenic, and dysfunctional.

13 Nociceptive pain (somatogenic, somatic) occurs due to the activation of pain receptors in trauma, inflammation, ischemia, and edema (for example, pain in inflammation of the joints, myofascial pain).

14 Neuropathic pain (neurogenic) is a group of pain resulting from primary damage or dysfunction of the nervous system and not due to damage to pain receptors. Examples of neurogenic pain can be pain with nerve damage, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, brain injury, post-stroke central pain.

15 Dysfunctional pain is another type of pain that is often present in the structure of the pain syndrome and which should not be forgotten in the selection of therapy. This pain is caused by a change in the functional state of the CNS departments involved in pain control (the so-called central pain amplification syndrome)

16 Examples of such pain are fibromyalgia, tension headache, psychogenic pain in somatoform disorders.

17 The NSAID group is perhaps one of the most frequently used, especially among patients suffering from acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain.

18 Ibuprofen and paracetamol are analgesic compounds commonly used to treat mild and moderate pain. This combined form offers increased analgesic effect with relatively low dosages of active ingredients due to technology that changes the pharmacokinetics of the drug at the absorption stage. The use of low dosages, in turn, reduces the incidence of side effects.

19 III Conclusion Important points in the treatment of pain syndrome are not only its effective relief, but also the prevention of further development of the pathological process, the adoption of measures aimed at restoring structural and functional damage. To reduce severity and prevent further development of the disease, chondroprotectors and neurotropic vitamins are used.

20 Literature 4. Haldeman S., Carroll L., Cassidy J.D. et al. The bone and joint decade task force on neck pain and its associated disorders: executive summary // J Manipulative Physiol Ther Vol. 32(2). P. 7–9. 5. Murphy R., Carr A. Shoulder pain // Clinical Evidence Vol. 7. Р. 1– Merskey H., Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain, IASP Task Force on Taxonomy // Seattle, WA: International Association for the Study of Pain Press (Also available online at www. iasp-painorg) p. 7. Breivik H., Collett B., Ventafridda V., Cohen R., Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment // Eur J Pain Vol. 10 (4). P