The first years of life, receiving medical education Edward Jenner was born in 1749 in May. In the family of the priest, he was the third child. Edward. - презентация

1 The first years of life, receiving medical education Edward Jenner was born in 1749 in May. In the family of the priest, he was the third child. Edward became interested in medicine as a child, and at the age of 12 he began studying the surgeon and comprehend its basics while studying anatomy. Very quickly he began to practice in the hospital.

2 Having moved to 1770 in London, Edward finished its medical education. The famous surgeon helped him to master all the subtleties of this profession, and already in 32 years, Jenner became a competent professional. In 1788 he married and settled in the Berkeleys estate. And in the 1792 University of St. Andrew, he suffered his medical degree.

3 Creation of a smallpox vaccine In addition to medicine, Jenner was also interested in naturalist and natural science. But the most important achievement of his life was the discovery of a vaccine that creates immunity to smallpox, which at that time was as terrible as the plague and cholera.

4 Vaccination against this disease existed before. The biomaterial from a sick person was administered to a healthy person. This process was called «variolation». The procedure often took place with complications, the patients were ill for a long time. Edward was also implanted in childhood in this way, and he himself experienced the painful consequences of variolation.

5 The basis of Jenners research laid down a peasant belief that those who had been ill with cowpox are no longer infected with black smallpox or are easily tolerated. He devoted all his free time to the study of this phenomenon, and finally found confirmation of this theory.

6 How was the first vaccination The theory required confirmation by practice. Jenner could not experience the effect of the vaccine because of the variolation carried out in childhood. He suffered for a long time before he decided to risk someones life. But the importance of discovery prevailed. In 1976, Edward introduced the contents of cowpox bubbles to 8-year-old James Phipps. And when this disease receded, Jenner made cuts on his hands and rubbed them with a matter infected with black pox.

7 The Jamess body did not react to the arrival of the deadly infection to the arm. This meant that the effective means for the prevention of severe illness was found. In the future, Jenner was very bound to the boy and even gave him a house with a garden.

8 Recognition and honorary posts two years after the first vaccination scientist published the results of its research and experimental extent, spreading information about the successful vaccination and the methods of its conduct. The opening of Jennura was estimated worldwide. Many scientific European communities accepted it in their ranks.

9 In 1803, the Institute of Assulation (Jennerovsky) and the Royal Jenne Society were established. Edward Jenner became the first leader, lifetime remaining at this post.

10 The British government also appreciated this opening, rewarding the scientist in 1806 a 10-ster of awards, and after 2 years – 20,000 sterling. Oxford assigned him to the 1813rd degree of Dr., he was recognized as an honorable citizen of London, which confirmed the diploma decided by diamonds. And the Russian Empress sent Jernaras precious ride along with a thankful letter. In his honor, even a fee was also smoked.

11 40 years after the first successful vaccination, variolation was banned in the UK altogether. And in 1853, vaccination by vaccination of cowpox began to be done to all on a mandatory basis.

12 Opponents and supporters of vaccination Not everyone liked this discovery. Even many scientists of the time reacted negatively to it. Scientists have long been releasing brochures with research and vaccination techniques at their own expense. Representatives of the church opposed this method of protection against smallpox, citing Gods will.

13 But the disease was very terrible, and many people began to resort to vaccination to protect themselves from it. It was used among the British and French military, and in Sicily, the arrival of the vaccine was greeted by a cross procession. The last disease of black smallpox was recorded in 1977, and since 1980, the disease has been completely defeated.

14 Memorialization Edward Jenner died in He, the father of immunology, in 1862 erected a monument in Trafalgar Square. But opponents of vaccination achieved its transfer to Kensington Gardens, where the monument is located now.

15 And in 1996, a sign describing the merits of a scientist to humanity was embedded in the pavement. His name are streets, towns, hospitals. In the house where he worked, a museum was opened.