Metabolism Why Study Metabolism? Classification of bacteria Oxygen Tolerance Biochemical reactions Acids, Ammonia, Gases Fermentation Products Food Products. - презентация

1 Metabolism

2 Why Study Metabolism? Classification of bacteria Oxygen Tolerance Biochemical reactions Acids, Ammonia, Gases Fermentation Products Food Products Yogurt, Sour Cream, Bread, Alcohol Commercial Products Citric Acid, Plastics Environmental Cleanup Chapter 5

3 Ying & Yang of Metabolism Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism Photosynthesis requires Respiration Respiration requires Photosynthesis Energy Production = Energy Consumption Chapter 5

4 Breakdown Proteins to Amino Acids, Starch to Glucose Synthesis Amino Acids to Proteins, Glucose to Starch

5 Chapter 5

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7 Over view of Metabolism Source of Energy (Photo- vs. Chemotroph) Source of Electrons Carrier of Electrons Final Electron Acceptor Source of Carbon (Auto- vs. Heterotroph) Auto- : Carbon Dioxide Hetero- : Organic Compounds Chapter 5

8 Classification based on Metabolism Where microbes get their energy? Sunlight vs. Chemical Photo- vs. Chemo- trophs How do they obtain carbon? Carbon Dioxide (or inorganic cmpds.) vs. Organic Compounds (sugars, amino acids) Auto- vs. Hetero- trophs Examples Photoautotrophs vs. Photoheterotrophs Chemoautotrophs vs. Chemoheterotrophs Chapter 5

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11 Types of -trophs Chapter 5

12 Source of Electrons Autotrophs Photosynthesis H 2 O, H 2 S Chemotrophs Organic Compounds Carbohydrates (C H 2 O) Glucose, Lactose, Sucrose, Mannitol, Citrate Amino Acids Chapter 5

13 Electron Carriers Photosynthesis NADP + H to NADPH Respiration NAD + H to NADH FAD + H to FADH Contain Niacin and Riboflavin Vitamins, not stable Cant store these molecules Chapter 5

14 Final Electron Acceptor Photosynthesis CO 2 + Hs to CH 2 O Stores energy Respiration Aerobic 1/2 O 2 + H 2 to H 2 O Anaerobic Fermentation Chapter 5

15 Movement of Electrons Chemical reactions Oxidation Reactions Reduction Reactions Reactions Coupled Redox reactions Chapter 5

16 Examples ATP ADP + P Oxidation, release energy ADP + P ATP Reduction, stores energy NAD + H NADH FADH FAD + H NH / 2 O 2 NO 2 - +H 2 O + 2H + ATP 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O Chapter 5

17 Respiration Overview; Glucose to Carbon dioxide + Water +Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 38 ATP Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy Oxygen receives the electrons to form energy 4 separate reactions Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport, Chemiosomosis Requires Oxygen Chapter 5

18 Glycolysis- 10 steps Glucose is Phosphorylated to form Fructose 1,6-diphosphate Split to form 2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Final Products are: 2 Pyruvic Acid (C 3 H 4 O 3 ) Compare to original glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6 2 NADH 2 ATP Chapter 5

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21 Photosynthesis Plants CO 2 + H 2 O + Light C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Water is split to release electrons Bacteria H 2 S is used not water Sulfur or Sulfuric Acid formed Oxygen not released Chlorophyll is different Strict Anaerobe Purple & Green Sulfur Bacteria Chapter 5