Dialectical method and metaphysical alternatives Done by: Kurbenova Nurlygul Kozhabayeva Nursaule Kadyrova Gulzhiyan 1. - презентация

1 Dialectical method and metaphysical alternatives Done by: Kurbenova Nurlygul Kozhabayeva Nursaule Kadyrova Gulzhiyan 1

2 Theory of dialectics The whole theory of dialectics, used as a means and method yavl. universal spiritual ideology and practice. Individual theoretical position of dialectics (principles, laws, categories) are also traded in the principles of the dialectical method. *In any case, the dialectical method is contrasted with its antipode - the metaphysical method, which overemphasizes exaggerates certain moments of reality. 2

3 Alternatives of dialectics Metaphysics; Sophistry Eclecticism Dogmatism Negative" dialectic Relativism 3

4 Dialectical method (DM) can act in three main forms: 1) as the art of creative thinking, and 2) as a technique (technology) solutions to various problems, and 3) as a way to control the organization and spiritual practice. 4

5 Dialectic as the art of creative thinking is based on the following types of thinking, such as: 1) skepticism, and 2) the dogmatism 3) sophistry 4) eclectic. 5

6 Skepticism Skepticism is doubt anything, ie such a state of mind in which a person feels insecure in the truth of something. As a special school of skepticism originated in ancient Greece in the 4-3 centuries. BC Skepticism continually captures the contradictions of being and thinking, finds the arguments for and against any opposition. In the end it comes to abstaining from any categorical judgments. The role of skepticism in thinking dual: along with abstinence, he calls to fight with illusions, prejudice, misconceptions. 6

7 Dogmatism Dogmatism - the type of uncritical thinking, based on dogma and operated by the same concepts, formulas, without specific conditions. Objective basis yavl dogmatism. tradition and experience. Epistemological basis yavl. unilateral relation to the truth, recognition in her absolute moment while ignoring its relativity. Dogmatism - is blind faith in authority, protection of obsolete provisions. (Religion, Marxism - the political dogmatism). 7

8 Sophistry Sophistry - this type of clever thinking based on the deliberate violation of the laws and principles of formal logic, on the use of logical arguments and the arguments advanced as correct. In contrast dogmatism sophists sophistry absolutizes moment subjective relativity of knowledge. It is characterized by a variety of verbal evasions and tricks substitution of concepts. 8

9 Eclecticism Eclecticism is the visibility into account all sides of the knowable object. She mechanically connects disparate pieces of knowledge combines different order of communication, does not distinguish between primary and secondary. A good example of the type of thinking is the connection of different styles of architecture in the construction of any building. 9