Gerund. Its forms and functions Герундий. Формы и функции. - презентация

1 Gerund. Its forms and functions Герундий. Формы и функции.

2 Герундий представляет собой неличную форму глагола, выражающую название действия и обладающую как свойствами существительного, так и свойствами глагола. В русском языке соответствующая форма отсутствует. Функции герундия во многом сходны с функциями инфинитива, также сочетающего свойства существительного со свойствами глагола. Герундий, однако, имеет больше свойств существительного, чем инфинитив.

3 Герундий образуется с помощью окончания – ing, прибавляемому с соответствующими орфографическими изменениями к инфинитиву глагола: to run – running, to live – living, to try – trying. Отрицательная форма герундия образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится перед формой герундия: for not coming in time – за то, что не пришла вовремя. Форма глагола, заканчивающаяся на -ing (например: writing, going) может быть в предложении причастием I либо герундием. Классификация –ing формы зависит от того, признаков какой части речи обнаруживается больше при ее использовании.

4 Свойства глагола Свойства существительного 1. имеет видовременные формы 1. в предложении выполняет те же функции, что и существительное, а так же входить в состав составного сказуемого. 2. имеет формы залога 2. в функции обстоятельства и определения имеет предлог. 3. может иметь прямое дополнение 3. может иметь определением местоимение или существительное в притяжательном падеже. 4. определяется наречиями

5 Видовременные формы герундия Действительный залог Страдательный залог Simple Asking (V+ing) Being asked (being + V3) Perfect Having asked (having + V3) Having been asked (having been + V3)

6 The list of the main words after which the gerund is used: verbs Verbs: to enjoy to excuse to recommend to suggest to deny to regret to forgive to admit to appreciate to complete to delay to discuss to keep to mention to quit, to risk to avoid to practice to postpone to imagine to mind to finish

7 I enjoy celebrating Christmas with my friends. Does the teacher excuse your being late for lessons? My sister didnt forgive my spending all the money on computer games. The teacher appreciated my preparing for the contest. They completed building a new ring road. Have you finished doing your room? We decided to delay going for a holiday. We discussed entering a different university. They kept laughing all the time. Id like to mention his being there before. He had to quit playing this game. Why dont risk trying it once more. I recommend giving up this bad habit. My father suggests going to Australia?

8 Verbs + preposition: to think of to dream of to complain of to suspect of to accuse of to praise for to blame for to apologize for to go on to object to to look forward to to keep on to be accustomed to to be ashamed of to be concerned about to be excited about to engaged in to be in/capable of to be sure of to be surprised of to be interested in to be fond of to be/get used to to depend on to insist on to congratulate on to be responsible for to be afraid of to be tired of to be sure of to be proud of to succeed in to give up to speak of

9 I feel incapable of lying to her. She is always sure of being right. Im surprised at his being so rude. Are you interested in organizing this meeting? He was responsible for delivering the mail. He is always afraid of getting stuck in the traffic jam. We are tired of complaining about the service. They were sure of coming on time. I was extremely proud of getting the first prize. She has always been fond of playing the piano. Im used to being alone.

10 Prepositions: afterAfter entering a college she worked as a secretary. ononOn ironing a shirt he cleaned his shoes beforeBefore getting married he worked for his father. bybyHe earned his money by working day and night. withoutHe translates articles without using a dictionary. besidesBesides learning English he learns German. forThis medicine is for loosing weight. in spite ofIn spite of being sick he came to the office. instead ofInstead of going home he went to the cinema.

11 Word combinations: to be worthThis script is worth reading cant help I couldnt help laughing when I heard that story. to feel like I dont feel like doing my room today. to make progress inAre you making progress in learning English?

12 Verbs that can be followed either by the infinitive or the gerund with the difference in meaning: Remember + ing – помню как (процесс). I remember meeting him for the first time five years ago Remember + to – не забудь. I must remember to meet him at the station next Saturday. To forget + ing – забыл как / что (действие произошло) (процесс). Jake completely forgot buying two pounds of sugar the day before. Forget +to – забыл (действие не произошло)/ Jake forgot to buy sugar although I reminded him twice about it Stop + ing – перестань. Stop talking Stop + to – остановиться (с целью что-то сделать). They stopped to talk the matter in detail. проблему. Regret +to – Сожалеть (о действии, которое происходит сейчас или произойдёт в будущем)/ I regret to tell you that Im leaving. Regret + ing – сожалеть (о действии, которое уже произошло) I regret telling you that Im leaving.