Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-1 Chapter 1 Why Study Statistics? Statistics for Business and Economics. - презентация

1 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-1 Chapter 1 Why Study Statistics? Statistics for Business and Economics 6 th Edition

2 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-2 Chapter Goals After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Explain how decisions are often based on incomplete information Explain key definitions: Population vs. Sample Parameter vs. Statistic Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics Describe random sampling Explain the difference between Descriptive and Inferential statistics

3 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-3 Dealing with Uncertainty Everyday decisions are based on incomplete information Consider: The price of IBM stock will be higher in six months than it is now. If the federal budget deficit is as high as predicted, interest rates will remain high for the rest of the year.

4 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-4 Dealing with Uncertainty Because of uncertainty, the statements should be modified: The price of IBM stock is likely to be higher in six months than it is now. If the federal budget deficit is as high as predicted, it is probable that interest rates will remain high for the rest of the year. (continued)

5 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-5 Key Definitions A population is the collection of all items of interest or under investigation N represents the population size A sample is an observed subset of the population n represents the sample size A parameter is a specific characteristic of a population A statistic is a specific characteristic of a sample

6 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-6 Population vs. Sample a b c d ef gh i jk l m n o p q rs t u v w x y z PopulationSample b c g i n o r u y Values calculated using population data are called parameters Values computed from sample data are called statistics

7 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-7 Examples of Populations Names of all registered voters in the United States Incomes of all families living in Daytona Beach Annual returns of all stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange Grade point averages of all the students in your university

8 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-8 Random Sampling Simple random sampling is a procedure in which each member of the population is chosen strictly by chance, each member of the population is equally likely to be chosen, and every possible sample of n objects is equally likely to be chosen The resulting sample is called a random sample

9 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-9 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Two branches of statistics: Descriptive statistics Collecting, summarizing, and processing data to transform data into information Inferential statistics provide the bases for predictions, forecasts, and estimates that are used to transform information into knowledge

10 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-10 Descriptive Statistics Collect data e.g., Survey Present data e.g., Tables and graphs Summarize data e.g., Sample mean =

11 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-11 Inferential Statistics Estimation e.g., Estimate the population mean weight using the sample mean weight Hypothesis testing e.g., Test the claim that the population mean weight is 120 pounds Inference is the process of drawing conclusions or making decisions about a population based on sample results

12 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-12 The Decision Making Process Begin Here: Identify the Problem Data Information Knowledge Decision Descriptive Statistics, Probability, Computers Experience, Theory, Literature, Inferential Statistics, Computers

13 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chap 1-13 Chapter Summary Reviewed incomplete information in decision making Introduced key definitions: Population vs. Sample Parameter vs. Statistic Descriptive vs. Inferential statistics Described random sampling Examined the decision making process