Copyright 2003 By Your Name CCNA 3 Chapter 1 Review: The OSI Reference Model and Routing
Copyright 2003 Objectives Describe the overall function of the OSI reference model and the problems it solves Describe the characteristics of the: –OSI physical layer –OSI data link layer –OSI network layer –OSI transport layer Describe the function of routing in networks Understand the different classes of routing protocols
Copyright 2003 Benefits of the OSI Model?
Copyright 2003 OSI Layers with Purpose
Copyright 2003 Peer-to-Peer Communication
Copyright 2003 Data Encapsulation
Copyright 2003 Types of Ethernet Ethernet and IEEE LAN specifications, which operate at 10 Mbps over coaxial and twisted- pair cable. 100-Mbps Ethernet A single LAN specification, also known as Fast Ethernet, which operates at 100 Mbps over twisted-pair cable Mbps Ethernet A single LAN specification, also known as Gigabit Ethernet, which operates at 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over fiber and twisted-pair cables. 10 Gigabit Ethernet is only supported over fiber optic media.
Copyright 2003 Three Varieties of 10 Mbps Ethernet 10BASE-2 –Known as thin Ethernet or thinnet –Allows network segments up to 185 meters on coaxial cable 10BASE-5 –Known as thick Ethernet or thicknet –Allows network segments up to 500 meters on coaxial cable 10BASE-T –Carries Ethernet frames on inexpensive twisted- pair wiring
Copyright 2003 Encapsulation
Copyright 2003 The Physical Layer
Copyright 2003 The Data Link Layer The Ethernet/802.3 Interface
Copyright 2003 Comparing Models
Copyright 2003 Address Classes
Copyright 2003 Address Class Prefixes
Copyright 2003 Subnetting Chart
Copyright 2003 Layer 3 Addresses - Path and Host Information
Copyright 2003 ICMP Testing
Copyright 2003 How ARP Works
Copyright 2003 Routing Table
Copyright 2003 IGP vs. EGP
Copyright 2003 Path Determination
Copyright 2003 Network and Host Addressing
Copyright 2003 Path Selection and Packet Switching
Copyright 2003 Network Layer Devices in Data Flow
Copyright 2003 Routing Metrics
Copyright 2003 Routed Versus Routing Protocol
Copyright 2003 Path Switching The network layer (3) address does not change. The data link layer (2) MAC address changes for each segment.
Copyright 2003 Static Versus Dynamic Routes The purpose of a static route Why dynamic routing is necessary Dynamic routing operations How distances on network paths are determined by various metrics Classes of routing protocols Time for convergence
Copyright 2003 Static Versus Dynamic Routes
Copyright 2003 Dynamic Routing Operations
Copyright 2003 Routing Protocols A routing protocol defines the set of rules used by a router when it communicates with neighboring routers, including the following: –How to send updates –What knowledge these updates contain –When to send this knowledge –How to locate recipients of the updates
Copyright 2003 Time to Convergence
Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Routing Basics Routing updates explained The problem of routing loops The problem of counting to infinity Link-state routing basics How link-state protocols exchange routing information How topology changes propagate through the network of routers
Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Routing Basics
Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Discovery
Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Topology Changes
Copyright 2003 Routing Metric Components
Copyright 2003 Link-State Routing Basics
Copyright 2003 Counting to Infinity
Copyright 2003 Split Horizon
Copyright 2003 Route Poisoning
Copyright 2003 Link-State Network Discovery
Copyright 2003 Link-State Topology Changes
Copyright 2003 Link-State Concerns
Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Versus Link State
Copyright 2003 Hybrid Protocols Ciscos EIGRP
Copyright 2003 The Transport Layer Segmenting upper-layer applications Establishing a connection Data transfer Reliability with windowing Acknowledgment techniques
Copyright 2003 "Reliable" Transport
Copyright 2003 Three-Way Handshake
Copyright 2003 Data Transfer
Copyright 2003 Windowing – Flow Control
Copyright 2003 Positive Acknowledgment