© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Implement Cisco AutoQoS Mitigating Common Cisco AutoQoS Issues

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Automation with Cisco AutoQoS

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v QoS Mechanisms Enabled Must Meet Major Enterprise QoS Requirements Trust boundary definition Identification of applications, protocols of interest (number of classes), and their QoS requirements Determination of classification options Determination of traffic-marking options Determination of queue mechanisms and optimal parameters per class Definition of port- and interface-specific transport features Designation of bandwidth efficiency mechanisms for low- speed links Identification of efficient alarm and event-monitoring options

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v DiffServ QoS Mechanisms Enabled by Cisco AutoQoS DiffServ functions are automated and simplified to expedite deployment of QoS features for voice, video, and data. DiffServ FunctionCisco IOS QoS FeaturesBehavior ClassificationNBAR and IP precedence DSCP and CoS Classify voice, video, and data traffic based on packet attributes; up to 10 classes MarkingClass-based markingSet Layer 2 and Layer 3 attributes to separate packets into classes Congestion management Percentage-based LLQ and CBWFQ WRR Provide EF treatment for voice, AF treatment for video and data, and best-effort treatment as default ShapingClass-based shaping or FRTS Shape to CIR to prevent bursts and smooth traffic to configured rate Congestion avoidance WREDMake intelligent packet drop decisions to prevent tail drops across multiple TCP sessions Link efficiencyHeader compression and link fragmentation and interleaving Reduce VoIP bandwidth requirement and jitter experienced by voice packets

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Automated Cisco AutoQoS DiffServ Class Provisioning Traffic ClassDSCPCoS IP routingCS66 Interactive voiceEF5 Interactive videoAF414 Streaming videoCS44 Telephony signalingCS33 Transactional-interactiveAF212 Network managementCS22 Bulk dataAF111 ScavengerCS11 Best effort00

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Common AutoQoS Problems

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Common Cisco AutoQoS Issues IssueSolution Cisco AutoQoS generates up to 10 classes, but most enterprise networks deploy 3–6 classes today. Manual consolidation of similar classes to meet the final number of classes actually needed Cisco AutoQoS does not adapt to changing traffic conditions automatically. Running Cisco AutoQoS discovery on a periodic basis followed by re-enabling of Cisco AutoQoS Cisco AutoQoS does not handle all possible scenarios that may occur and might not fit specific classification or policies. Manual fine-tuning of the configuration generated, adding new matching criteria to fit the specific situation

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Interpreting AutoQoS Configurations

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Interpreting Generated Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Generated Cisco AutoQoS configuration is examined using show auto qos command, answering these questions: How many classes were identified (class maps)? Which traffic classification (class map) options were selected? Which traffic marking options were selected (policy maps)? Which queuing mechanisms and parameters were designated (policy maps)? Which other QoS mechanisms were appointed per class (policy maps)? Were any traffic parameters suggested? Where was the autogenerated policy applied (interface, DLCI, or PVC)?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v How to Interpret the show auto qos Command Output router#show auto qos ! policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Se2/1.1 class AutoQoS-Voice-Se2/1.1 priority percent 50 set dscp ef class AutoQoS-Inter-Video-Se2/1.1 bandwidth remaining percent 10 set dscp af41 class AutoQoS-Transactional-Se2/1.1 bandwidth remaining percent 5 set dscp af21 ! policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Se2/1.1-Parent class class-default shape average service-policy AutoQoS-Policy-Se2/1.1 ! class-map match-any AutoQoS-Voice-Se2/1.1 match protocol rtp audio ! class-map match-any AutoQoS-Transactional-Se2/1.1 match protocol sqlnet Classification Nested Policy Map (Frame Relay) Parent Policy Map (Frame Relay) LLQ Class-Based Marking CBWFQ Class-Based Shaping NBAR

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v How to Interpret the show auto qos Command Output (Cont.) rmon event log trap AutoQoS description "AutoQoS SNMP traps for Voice Drops" owner AutoQoS Serial2/1.1: DLCI 58 - ! interface Serial2/1.1 point-to-point frame-relay interface-dlci 58 class AutoQoS-FR-Serial2/1-58 ! map-class frame-relay AutoQoS-FR-Serial2/1-58 frame-relay cir frame-relay bc frame-relay be 0 frame-relay mincir service-policy output AutoQoS-Policy-Se2/1.1-Parent Frame Relay Traffic Parameters RMON Traps for Voice Packet Drops Applying all to the DLCI (or Policy Map to the Serial in Non-Frame Relay)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Modifying the Active AutoQoS Configuration with MQC

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v When Is Manual Modification of AutoQoS Configuration Required?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Classification Generated Cisco AutoQoS classification uses NBAR and ACLs. Any MQC classification mechanism can manually tune the generated classification: 1. Start the autodiscovery and review the generated results (or take the active classification if Cisco AutoQoS is already activated). 2. Copy the generated classification and modify it offline. 3. Apply the modified classification to a router. class-map match-any AutoQoS-Voice-Se2/1.1 match protocol rtp audio ! class-map match-any AutoQoS-Signaling-Se2/1.1 match access-group 101 match protocol rtcp ! class-map match-any AutoQoS-Transactional-Se2/1.1 match protocol sqlnet match protocol citrix ! access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq 1719 access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq 1720 access-list 101 permit udp any any eq 2427 access-list 101 permit udp any any eq 2428 H.323 MGCP

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Classification (Cont.) Besides NBAR and ACLs, these major MQC classification options can be used for tuning. These classification options can be used in any combination as needed to meet specific classification requirements. match input-interface interface-name match cos cos-value [cos-value cos-value cos-value] match ip precedence ip-prec-value [ip-prec...] match ip dscp ip-dscp-value [ip-dscp-value...] match ip rtp starting-port-number port-range router(config-cmap)#

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Policy Generated Cisco AutoQoS policy uses: Scheduling: LLQ and CBWFQ (both percentage based) and WRR Marking: Class-based Marking to re-mark the packets based on their class membership Shaping: Class-based Shaping and FRTS Link efficiency: cRTP and LFI Congestion avoidance: WRED policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Se4/0 class AutoQoS-Voice-Se4/0 priority percent 70 compress header ip set dscp ef class AutoQoS-Inter-Video-Se4/0 bandwidth remaining percent 10 set dscp af41 class AutoQoS-Transactional-Se4/0 bandwidth remaining percent 1 set dscp af21 class class-default fair-queue Any MQC policy mechanism can manually tune the generated policy with the same procedure used for classification.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v Summary Cisco AutoQoS employs the DiffServ QoS mechanisms of Cisco IOS software. DiffServ functions are automated and simplified to expedite deployment of QoS features. Cisco AutoQoS configures QoS parameters and optimal voice performance based upon Cisco best-practice recommendations. Cisco AutoQoS generates up to 10 DiffServ classes. The show auto qos command displays the Cisco AutoQoS templates. Cisco AutoQoS templates can be reviewed and fine-tuned with any MQC classification or policy mechanism.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ONT v