Plasma-chemical Technologies ( During Development ) Limited Liability Company R & D Center PLAZER Kiev Tel: Tel: Fax: Fax:

PLASMA – CATALYST OF COMBUSTION OF LOW-REACTIVE COALS The plasma technology seems to hold the highest promise among the alternative technologies available for solving the problems of combustion of low0reactive coals. This technology provides a substantial increase in cost effectiveness and improvement in environmental indicators of power- generating plants working with solid fuel. Plasmatron and its installation on a direct-flow coal torch Decrease in formation NOx and mechanical undercombustion

plasma processing of low- reactive coals Main principle of plasma-power technology is dramatic decrease in the required electric power Multiplication of capacity Plasma-jet reactor Plasma jet (10kW ) Coal torch (200 kW)

Optimal utilization of the steam-plasma effects, leading to a substantial increase in rates of gasification and combustion (10 and more times) of coal particles Optimal utilization of the steam-plasma effects, leading to a substantial increase in rates of gasification and combustion (10 and more times) of coal particles The scheme of a plasma-jet reactor Quartz pipe muffle Combined Plasma-coal torch Plasmatron Secondary air muffle furnace Plasmatron Feeder of a coal dust Control panel Power supply Water steam

Dramatic decrease in the required electric power (by an order of magnitude) provides real technical and economical preconditions for efficient and wide-scale application of this technology in power generation Using such combined plasma-coal torch devices, it is possible to realize different sophisticated energy fuel- utilization technologies. They include: Using such combined plasma-coal torch devices, it is possible to realize different sophisticated energy fuel- utilization technologies. They include: plasma ignition of the coal-dust flame (fuel oil free kindling of boilers, lighting of the coal-dust flame, stabilization of the liquid slag yield in furnaces with liquid slag removal); plasma ignition of the coal-dust flame (fuel oil free kindling of boilers, lighting of the coal-dust flame, stabilization of the liquid slag yield in furnaces with liquid slag removal); electric-thermochemical preparation of fuel (ETCPF) for combustion; electric-thermochemical preparation of fuel (ETCPF) for combustion; coal distillation; coal distillation; plasma-steam coal distillation, production of synthesis gas; plasma-steam coal distillation, production of synthesis gas; integrated processing of low-grade solid fuels in plasma reactors; integrated processing of low-grade solid fuels in plasma reactors; processing of coal production wastes – coal slime. processing of coal production wastes – coal slime.

The average gain of manufacture of the solar electric power in the world with 1990 г on 2001 г has made 22 % a year. The nearest years higher rates of growth c corresponding escalating of manufacture highly purity solar silicon - from tons in 2001 г up to tons in 2010 are expected МВт The solar electric power

The forecast of the industries highly purity silicon Opportunities of electronic industry Expected need

The price of silicon is defined by its cleanliness and today this dependence looks as follows

Manufacture of solar silicon Equilibrium output of silicon (temperature, pressure)

Manufacture of solar silicon According to thermodynamic calculations of 100 % decomposition of monosilane occurs already at 700 °C. According to thermodynamic calculations of 100 % decomposition of monosilane occurs already at 700 °C. Experimental data give higher value of temperature Т « 1000 °C, but in any case disintegration SiH4 occurs Experimental data give higher value of temperature Т « 1000 °C, but in any case disintegration SiH4 occurs At temperatures a lot of smaller temperatures of fusion of silicon At temperatures a lot of smaller temperatures of fusion of silicon Тпл. Si = 1690 °C. Тпл. Si = 1690 °C.

Machines of electroarc decomposition of monosilane should meet following requirements: 1. To provide a high degree of transformation of silicon in the condensed phase; 1. To provide a high degree of transformation of silicon in the condensed phase; 2. To provide necessary granulemetric structure of a received product; 2. To provide necessary granulemetric structure of a received product; 3. To exclude pollution of received silicon by products of erosion of electrodes; 3. To exclude pollution of received silicon by products of erosion of electrodes; 4. To have there is enough high efficiency and small power inputs. 4. To have there is enough high efficiency and small power inputs.

Dependence of power inputs on temperature

Manufacture of solar silicon At optimum a temperature mode and a degree dilution SiH4 (1:2) and as considering efficiency plasmatron (> 0,5) a level Power inputs it is possible to estimate as МДж (4-6 kw hour) on kg Si. At optimum a temperature mode and a degree dilution SiH4 (1:2) and as considering efficiency plasmatron (> 0,5) a level Power inputs it is possible to estimate as МДж (4-6 kw hour) on kg Si. The level of development of plasma technics reached to the present time will allow to count on creation of installation by capacity 1-2 МВт and Productivity up to kg/hours Si. The level of development of plasma technics reached to the present time will allow to count on creation of installation by capacity 1-2 МВт and Productivity up to kg/hours Si.

Plasma-chemical reactor for pyrolysis of silane

Hydrogen plasmatron 200 kw for pyrolysis of silane

Demonstration machine of plasma pyrolysis of silane

Plasmatron in operate for pyrolysis of silane

Origin of particles of silicon from steam in plasma

Productivity of the plasma unit with plasmatron capacity of 200 kw makes 50 kg/hours of silicon. It provides at three-shift work and 220 working days in a year 200 Ton/year Productivity of the plasma unit with plasmatron capacity of 200 kw makes 50 kg/hours of silicon. It provides at three-shift work and 220 working days in a year 200 Ton/year Manufacture of solar silicon

PLASMA-ARC TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF NEW ECOLOGICALLY PURE GASEOUS FUEL Such gas is formed in conditions of very intensive magnetic fields in the electric arc shipped in processed liquid raw material

PLASMA-ARC MACHINE OF PRODUCTION OF NEW PLASMA-ARC MACHINE OF PRODUCTION OF NEW ECOLOGICALLY PURE GASEOUS FUEL FOR MOTOR TRANSPORT

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROARC GENERATORS OF STEAM-WATER PLASMA Steam Plasmatron 40 КW Laboratory Steam Plasma Machine by capacity of 40 KW

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROARC GENERATORS STEAM-WATER PLASMA WITH RECUPERATIVE STEAM HEAT UP