Ancient Egypt Presentation is made by Semenov Stiven, Sasha Mikhailov School 126 Saint Petersburg

Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization in Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the Nile River where there is now the modern country of Egypt.

Climate: Egypt is very hot and dry, it does not rain very often. The summer floods from the Nile River leave the land very fertile. The Nile River is an important part of Egypt. The Egyptians call the Nile river the life of Egypt because if there was no Nile river there would not be anybody living there. There probably would not be an Egypt or any history about it. Egypt is located in the middle of the Sahara Desert. There are no mountains in Egypt just sand dunes. The sand dunes make huge sand hills in the desert making it hard to travel. The sand dunes are created by wind blowing the sand around. They can be up to 300 feet tall or 100 metres. Geography

Because Egypt is so fertile, people came to live in Egypt earlier than in most places, probably around 40,000 years ago. At first there were not very many people, but gradually Egypt became more crowded, so there was more need for a unified government.

In the Old Kingdom ( BC), the Egyptians built the Pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs. The pyramids of ancient Egypt are some of the most magnificent manmade structures in history. The Pyramids

The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for King Khufu (known to the Greeks as Cheops) some four and a half thousand years ago. Many people across the centuries have found it hard to credit the creation of this structure to human beings. Quite apart from its size, the Great Pyramid is also an astonishing example of geometrical accuracy. And there is evidence to suggest that its builders had a remarkably knowledge of astronomy, too.

The Egyptian government was a monarchy. The Pharaoh (FARE-oh) owned all of Egypt, and everything in it: all the land, all the tools, all the animals, and all the people. In 1363 BC there was a famous Pharaoh named Akhenaten, who built a new capital at Amarna and seems to have worshipped a new sun god, and developed new art styles. His wife was Nefertiti. Akhenaten had no sons, and his son-in-law was Tutankhamon. Egyptian Government

Cleopatra was a Greek woman and also pharaoh in Egypt. Cleopatra was 17 or 18 when she became the queen of Egypt. She was very popular among her own people. She was not necessarily beautiful, but she had a musical voice. She was also highly intelligent. She spoke nine languages and proved to be a shrewd politician. Cleopatra was the last pharaoh; after her death Egypt became a Roman province.

There were schools in ancient Egypt, but hardly anyone went to them. Girls weren't allowed to go to school at all. Whatever they learned, they had to learn at home from their mother or father or from a private tutor (usually a slave) who lived in their house. Very few girls could read or write, and only the richest ones. Most boys didn't go to school either, but a few boys from richer families went to a special school to train boys to be scribes. A scribe was someone who could read and write hieroglyphics. Egyptian School

Egyptian Artifacts The Egyptians have left us a huge amount of information, so the history of this country we know much better than the history of its neighbours. The Egyptians used hieroglyphics for all different kinds of writing.

When the Egyptians began to write, about 3000 BC, they wrote from the beginning in ink, on papyrus. Papyrus is a plant that grows wild all over the Nile river valley. The Greeks and the Romans also used a lot of papyrus, all bought in Egypt because that is where papyrus grows. But it wasn't cheap! One sheet probably cost about what $20 is worth today.

By about 3000 BC, the ancient Egyptians had ways to write down numbers. They made one vertical line for one, two vertical lines for two, and so on up to nine. For ten, the Egyptians made a U-shaped mark. For 100, the Egyptians drew a coil of rope, and for 1000 they drew a lotus flower. They used a finger to show 10,000. Egyptian Numbers

People began to carve sculptures in Egypt about 4500 BC, about the same time as in West Asia and in southern Africa. These early sculptures are small figurines, mostly of women. Nobody knows why Egyptian artists made these sculptures. Egyptian Sculpture

People in Egypt were among the first people to make pottery. By about 3500 BC, Egyptian pottery has designs on it that are very much like the designs on earlier rock carvings. They show people, boats, and animals, and they look enough like later Egyptian painting Egyptian Pottery

Egyptian food B ecause Egypt was very dry, and relied mostly on the Nile River to water the crops, people in Egypt could only grow certain kinds of food. Mainly farmers grew wheat and barley. The Egyptians also ate meat. They ate beef and mutton and duck and goose but not pigs.

Marine expedition The Egyptians were the first to commit naval expeditions. About 2500 years BC they crossed the Red Sea. Around 1500 BC discovered the island of Socotra in the Indian Ocean.

The people of ancient Egypt believed in many gods. Some of these gods were Ra, Anubis, Seth, Osiris, Isis, and Horus. Egyptians worshipped these gods with animal sacrifices. The sun god Ra on his solar boat, traveling across the sky from east to west. Osiris was an ancient Egyptian god of growing things, like the Greek goddess Demeter. Egyptian Religion

Egyptians thought that when you died, Anubis would weigh your soul against a feather, and if your soul was heavier than the feather you would be punished. Weighing the souls of the dead

Ancient Egyptians believed in many myths. One myth that they believed in was the myth of Osiris.The Egyptians believed that when they died Osiris would carry their bodies across the Nile into the afterlife. This is the reason why relatives of the person put their greatest treasures and belongings into the tomb or grave. Another myth that the Egyptians believed in was if you killed a cat you would be sentenced to death because of a God named Bastet who's head resembled a cats head. She was the goddess of protection. The Egyptians believed in many gods, and goddesses some of their names were, Anubis, Hathor, Isis, Seth and there are very many more. Some Egyptians also thought that most Gods and Goddesses brought the flooding of The Nile, some took care of people in the after life and some offered protection and stuff like that.