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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles laying of а the north- western coast of Europe and separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover in the south and the North Sea in the east. They occupy the total area of square km. The British Isles consist of 2 large islands – Great Britain and Ireland, and a lot of small islands, the main of which are the Isle of Whight, Anglesey, the Isle of Scilly, the Isle of Man, the Hebrides, the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands. There are also two big peninsulars: Wales and Cornwall.

The relief of the country is represented by 2 main regions – Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Highland Britain comprises all those mountain parts and uplands of Great Britain which lie above 305 m. Highland Britain comprises all those mountain parts and uplands of Great Britain which lie above 305 m. Geologically these mountains are among the oldest in the world, more than 3500 million years old.

Ben Nevis The Cambrian Mountains The Cheviot Hills The Grampian Mountains

The British climate is often unjustly criticized. In fact, it is very good no extremes of heat or cold, no extremes of heat or cold, enough rainfall disturbed throughout the year, enough rainfall disturbed throughout the year, no typhoons or hurricanes that may destroy the crops. no typhoons or hurricanes that may destroy the crops. The rains are brought on to the British Isles by the winds that blow off the warm current called Gulf Stream, which flows from the coasts of America across the Atlantic Ocean to bring warm weather to Britain. These winds keep Britain warm in winter and cool in summer. The Gulf Stream is the main source of the mildness of the British climate. Very seldom a hard winter may keep snow on the ground for some weeks. But then a thaw comes and the snow begins to melt away. Very seldom a hard winter may keep snow on the ground for some weeks. But then a thaw comes and the snow begins to melt away.

With its mild climate and varied soils, Britain has rich natural vegetation. The British Isles were originally covered with forests, mainly oak and beech in Lowland Britain and pine and birch in Highlands, with great stretches of moorland. The great density of woodland occurs in the north and east of Scotland, in some parts of south-east England and on the Welsh border. Today the most common trees are oak, beech, ash and elm, and in Scotland also pine and birch.

The mild climate of Great Britain is favorable for plants and flowers. Some of them have become national symbols of the UK. The mild climate of Great Britain is favorable for plants and flowers. Some of them have become national symbols of the UK. In the meadowlands wild flowers grow, from common daisies to rare lilies. By the waterside there are white and yellow water lilies, blue forget-me-nots, purple and yellow irises.

The red rose is a symbol of England, The red rose is a symbol of England, The thistle is a symbol of Scotland, The thistle is a symbol of Scotland, The daffodil and the leek is a symbol of Wales, The daffodil and the leek is a symbol of Wales, The shamrock is a symbol of Northern Ireland The shamrock is a symbol of Northern Ireland

Thе animal life of the UK is much like the rest of northwestern Europe. Many larger animals like bear and wolf are rare, but there are many foxes and red deer. Of smaller animals there are mice, rats, hedgehogs, moles, squirrels, hares, rabbits and weasels. There are a lot of birds, including many song-birds. Blackbirds, sparrows and starlings are probably most common. Robin Redbreast is another national emblem of Great Britain. Gulls, geese and other sea birds nest near the coast. Swans, pheasants and other large and rare birds are protected by law.

The flag of Northern Ireland The flag of Northern Ireland The flag of England The flag of Scotland The flag of Wales