Unit

Outline Administrative notes Italic letter forms Soft consonants How to learn vocabulary How to do listening exercises Ты́ and вы́ Saying hello and good-bye Making someones acquaintance Russian names

Administrative notes Please dont use red ink for homework. If you do your homework in pencil, please dont write so lightly that we have trouble reading. Your Russian handwriting needs to be legible (even if your English handwriting isnt). Accent marks are sometimes rendered oddly in Internet Explorer. Were working on it; for now, use Firefox or Opera.

Italic letter forms Only six letters have significantly different italic letter forms

Г г

Д д

И и

Й й

П п

Т т

пингви́н

ти́гр

во́дка

Soft consonants Hard (non-palatalized) consonants are plain ol consonants Soft (palatalized) consonants have a y sound pronounced simultaneously with the basic consonant sound Soft consonants are followed by softening vowel letters (я, е, и, ё, ю) or soft sign (ь) та, тя

соба́ка dog соба́ка (none)

обезья́на ape обезья́на

леопа́рд

дя́дя uncle дя́дя

февра́ль

мя́со meat мя́со

октя́брь

ды́ня melon ды́ня

демокра́тия

ма́ть mother ма́ть

Vocabulary Active vocabulary –Be able to go from English into Russian or Russian into English –You will be asked to produce these Russian words in your speech or writing –Begin learning each units vocabulary on the first day Passive vocabulary –Be able to go from Russian into English –You will be asked to recognize these Russian words when you encounter them, but not to produce them

How to learn vocabulary Make your own flashcards (dont buy them and dont use someone elses) Mark stress Work from English to Russian only Say the word to yourself, including stress, before checking your answer Shuffle frequently, eliminate cards once youre confident (but pull them all back in for final review) Carry your cards with you all the time Its not the amount of time you spend on vocabulary, its the number of times you return and review

How to do listening exercises Listening exercises have tasks associated with them. Read the instructions and identify the task before you listen. As you listen, concentrate on completing the task. Dont expect (or even try) to understand every word. If a written text is provided, read it first, looking up words you dont know in the vocabulary at the end of the chapter. If some of the words arent there, dont worry about them; they arent crucial to completing the task.

Ты́ and вы́ Russian has two words for you: ты́ and вы́ Use ты́ when speaking to one person who is either a family member, a friend or peer, or a child Use вы́ when speaking to a group of people or to someone to whom you want to show respect Russian students and their teachers use вы́ with one another (in both directions) Russian students use ты́ with one another

Saying hello Здра́вствуйте Hello! (if on вы́ terms) Здра́вствуй! Hello! (if on ты́ terms) Приве́т! Hi! До́брое у́тро! Good morning! До́брый де́нь! Good afternoon! До́брый ве́чер! Good evening! Russians say здра́вствуй(те) to someone only once a day

Здра́вствуй или здра́вствуйте?

Saying good-bye До свида́ния! Good-bye! Пока́! So long!

Making acquaintance Ка́к ва́с зову́т? (if on вы́ terms) Ка́к тебя́ зову́т? (if on ты́ terms) Меня зову́т … О́чень прия́тно! Using а: –Ка́к тебя́ зову́т? –Меня́ зову́т Де́йвид. А ка́к тебя́ зову́т?

Introducing people to each other Person introducing Julie and David turns to David and says: –Познако́мьтесь! (gestures toward Julie) Э́то Ю́лия. David turns to Julie and says: –Здра́вствуйте! (Меня́ зову́т) Де́йвид. Julie replies to David: –(Меня́ зову́т) Ю́лия. О́чень прия́тно (с ва́ми познако́миться).

Russian names и́мя о́тчество фами́лия Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин Воло́дя, Во́ва

Etiquette of address Address friends and peers (including fellow students) by first name or nickname. Address older people by first name (not nickname) and patronymic. There is a Russian counterpart to Mr. or Ms., but it is much more official than the English and is not commonly used. Foreigners do not use patronymics. Russians will usually address you by first name.

Names and ты́/вы́ If you use first name and patronymic (formal, respectful), use вы́. If you use nickname (informal), use ты́. Full first name (not nickname) without patronymic can go with either ты́ (informal relationship) or вы́ (peers, but not friends). Rule of thumb for students: –Use first name or nickname and ты́ with other students and with children. –Use first name and patronymic and вы́ with adult Russians. –Use first name and вы́ with your American teachers.

Russian names Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин Здра́вствуйте, Влади́мир Влади́мирович! Приве́т, Воло́дя! Приве́т, Во́ва!

Asking about parts of names Whole name or just first name –Ка́к ва́с (тебя́) зову́т? Patronymic –Ка́к ва́ше о́тчество? First name and patronymic –Ка́к ва́ше и́мя и о́тчество? Surname –Ка́к ва́ша фами́лия?

Asking someone to repeat Ка́к ты́ сказа́л(а)? Ка́к вы́ сказа́ли? You may be asked in recitation to recite a dialog while pretending not to hear or understand something unless your interlocutor repeats it: –Меня́ зову́т Де́йвид. –Ка́к вы́ сказа́ли? –(more loudly and clearly) Меня́ зову́т Де́йвид. А ка́к ва́с зову́т? ка́к vs что́