Gerund and Infinitive Upper-intermediate level

I want to swim I like swimming I can swim

Verb Tenses Forms of InfinitiveForm of the –ing form ActivePassiveActivePassive Present(to) play(to) be playedplayingbeing played Present Continuous (to) be playing --- Perfect(to) have played (to) have been played having played having been played Perfect Continuous (to) have been playing ---

The to- infinitive is used: Agree, appear, expect, decide, hope, plan, promise, want, refuse, etc. I hope to see you again. После нек. прилагательных: difficult, glad I am glad to see you again. I would like/love/prefer Too/enough He was rich enough to buy a mansion.

The to- infinitive is used: После be + the first/next/last/best: He was the best actor to perform the role. For + сущ./мест. + to inf. For him to win the race was extraordinary. It was kind of him to give me a hand. Выражения: to tell you the truth, to begin with, to be honest, to start with, to sum up, etc.

Infinitive without to is used: After modals (can, may, must, would, will) You must try harder to succeed. After had better/would rather/would sooner You would sooner go home and have a rest. After feel/hear/let/make/see in the active Mother made him do his H/W. – active But, He was made to do his H/W. – passive

The –ing form is used: As a Noun Skiing is fun and exciting. After prepositions: She makes a living by working as a waitress. Appreciate, avoid, anticipate, delay, discuss, detest, it involves, go (physical activity), keep (continue), mind (object to), miss, pardon, postpone, resist, suggest, tolerate, quit, mention, recall, fancy, consider, risk, etc.

The –ing form is used: After detest, dislike, hate, like, love, prefer (общее предпочтение) I hate being followed. Note that, I like doing smth (= I enjoy it) I like to do smth (= I think it is right to do it): I like to clean the kitchen (this doesnt mean I enjoy it, but it is a right thing to do)

The –ing form is used: After its no use, its no good, cant help, feel like, have difficulty (in), cant stand, theres no point, have trouble, etc. There is no use in speaking French with him. He speaks German quite good. Spend/waste (money, time, etc) You are wasting your time doing this job!

The –ing form is used: After look forward to, be accustomed to, admit to, what/how about? etc. I look forward to hearing from you soon. How about going out tonight?

Changes in meaning (to/-ing)

Forget + to inf (забыть что-то сделать) Forget + ing (забыть о каком-то случае) Remember + to inf (помнить о том, что нужно сделать) Remember + ing (помнить о каком-то случае)

Try + to inf (совершить попытку) Try + ing (попробовать что-то в качестве эксперимента) Stop + to inf (остановиться для того, чтобы что-то сделать) Stop + ing (закончить что-либо)

Regret + to inf (извинение) Regret + ing (сожалеть о том, что уже совершилось) Prefer/would prefer (expressing preferences)

Mean + to inf (намереваться) Mean + ing (включать, означать) I mean to finish reading this book by Christmas. I will not take an English exam if it means studying all the time.

Be sorry + to inf (сожалеть) Be sorry + for -ing (извиняться за что-либо) I am sorry to hear that …….. He was sorry for insulting her.