Косвенная речь и согласование времён Reported Speech and Sequence of Tenses

Когда рассказчик передает речь другого человека словами самого этого человека, без изменений, дословно – это прямая речь (Direct Speech). Когда же он излагает чужую речь своими словами, то это косвенная речь (Reported Speech). Чужая речь при этом немного изменяется. Reported Speech and Direct Speech

Direct Speech: Tom said I am feeling ill. Reported Speech: Tom said that he was feeling ill. Reported Speech and Direct Speech

Изменить личные и притяжательные местоимения. Изменить форму глагола-сказуемого в придаточном предложении, соблюдая правило согласования времён (если сказуемое главного предложения имеет форму прошедшего времени) При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную нужно:

Изменение времени глагола в косвенной речи Прямая речьКосвенная речь writewrote wrote had written will write would write is writing was writing was writing/ had been writing have written had written have been writing had been writing

Изменение времени глагола в косвенной речи Прямая речьКосвенная речь Present SimplePast Simple Present ProgressivePast Progressive Present PerfectPast Perfect Present Perfect ProgressivePast Perfect Progressive Past SimplePast Perfect Past ProgressivePast Perfect Progressive FutureFuture-in-the-Past

Лексические изменения при переводе прямой речи в косвенную herethere this/thatthese/those today that day agobefore nowthen tomorrow The next day yesterday the day before last night the previous night

to say – сказать Sasha said: I am from Russia. Sasha said to Mike: I am from Russia. to tell – сообщать, рассказывать Sasha told Mike that he was from Russia. Verbs to say/to tell

Direct Speech: Tom says to Sasha :You are a good sportsman now. Reported Speech: Tom said that Sasha was a good sportsman then. Перевод утверждений (statements) в косвенную речь

Общие (General): Sasha asked: Do you like Atlanta? He asked me if (whether) I liked Atlanta. Специальные (Special) He asked: When shall we meet tomorrow. He asked when we should meet the next day. Перевод вопросов (questions) в косвенную речь

Приказания, команды, просьбы (Orders, commands, requests) Sasha said to me :Give me your telephone number He asked me to give him my phone number. Reported Speech

1.Jimmy said, My brother is learning to drive. 2.Nick said, I come home by tram every day. 3.Bob said, My uncle has just arrived from Paris. 4.The teacher told the students, I havent read you papers yet. 5. Mary said, I dont want to wear my old dress. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech

1.The farmer said that he hadnt grown any wheat since My sister said that she hadnt got a watch. 3.She said that her children were playing in the garden. 4.I told him that I hadnt seen his brother for a long time. 5.The teacher told his students that he was going to give them a test. Change the following sentences into Direct Speech

1.Peter asked:Who has taken my book? 2.I asked my mother: What did the teacher say? 3.He asked Roger: When do you usually get up? 4.I asked the gardener: What are you planting here this year? 5.The policeman asked: Who left this car here? Change the following sentences into Direct Speech

1.He asked his friend: Do you like the wine? 2.I asked my sister: Did you leave the book at home? 3.He asked his wife: Is the baby asleep? 4.I asked the old gentleman: Are you feeling tired? 5.I asked Frank: Did you buy a new car? Change the following sentences into Direct Speech