PREPOSITIONS IN RUSSIAN AND SERBIAN LANGUAGE: PREPOSED, PREPOSED, POSTPOSED AND CIRCUMPOSED Dubrovnik, 9 th of September 2010 Elena Muravenko Strahinja Stepanov

General remarks & defining of the problem The notion of postpositions is being used in linguistics in dealing with such a functional class of words in languages like Turkish, Finno-Ugric, Ibero-Caucasian etc. The notion of postpositions is being used in linguistics in dealing with such a functional class of words in languages like Turkish, Finno-Ugric, Ibero-Caucasian etc. In Indo-European languages – to which both Russian and Serbian belong – only prepositions (as a type) are mentioned In Indo-European languages – to which both Russian and Serbian belong – only prepositions (as a type) are mentioned

However, in both of these languages beside prepositional usage, there can be detected their postpositional and circumpositional usage as well (though in grammars they are glossed as prepositions). However, in both of these languages beside prepositional usage, there can be detected their postpositional and circumpositional usage as well (though in grammars they are glossed as prepositions). General remarks & defining of the problem

As a consequence we have in linguistics two interpretations of the notion предлог (preposition): As a consequence we have in linguistics two interpretations of the notion предлог (preposition): 1) in a narrower sense – this term is used only to denote such a functional word that precedes another word; 2) in a broader sense – it denotes all functional words, which establish the grammatical relationship that links its complement phrase to another word or phrase in the context,regardless of their position in the sentence. 2) in a broader sense – it denotes all functional words, which establish the grammatical relationship that links its complement phrase to another word or phrase in the context, regardless of their position in the sentence.

def.: Concurring with Haspelmaths terminological proposal, we shall be using the term адпозит (adposition) as a hyperonymous term (preposition in a broader sense), and termпредлог (preposition) in a narrower sense Task: Comparative analysis of postposed and circumposed adpositions in two Slavic languages (Russian and Serbian) General remarks & defining of the problem

РАДИ / FOR, IN THE INTEREST OF... РАДИ / FOR, IN THE INTEREST OF... (1) Бога РАДИ, не мешайте мне. (РАДИ Бога) (РАДИ Бога) (2) Детей РАДИ, не делай этого. (РАДИ детей) (РАДИ детей) (1) For Gods sake, dont bother me. (2) For the childrens sake, dont do that. Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Russian:

RADI / FOR, IN THE INTEREST OF... RADI / FOR, IN THE INTEREST OF... (1) Ne laje kuca sela RADI, nego sebe RADI. (RADI sela) (RADI sebe) (RADI sela) (RADI sebe) (2) Ilustracije RADI, to bi značilo da ako dobijemo (RADI ilustracije) (RADI ilustracije) 400 miliona dolara kredita (...). 400 miliona dolara kredita (...). (1) Dog is barking in his own interest and not in the interest of the village. (2) (...). To illustrate, this would mean that if we get 400 mill. from IMF (…). Аdpositions (preposed/postposed) in Serbian:

Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Russian DENOMINATIVE PREPOSITIONS DENOMINATIVE PREPOSITIONS ВОПРЕКИ ВОПРЕКИ (1) Рассудку ВОПРЕКИ он продолжал идти вперёд. (ВОПРЕКИ рассудку) (ВОПРЕКИ рассудку) (2) Его воле ВОПРЕКИ он уехал из города. (2) Его воле ВОПРЕКИ он уехал из города. (ВОПРЕКИ его воле) (ВОПРЕКИ его воле) (1) Despite what his reason was telling him, he moved straight ahead. (2) Despite his will, he left the town.

Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Russian НАПЕРЕКОР НАПЕРЕКОР Он продолжал заниматься этим судьбе НАПЕРЕКОР. (НАПЕРЕКОР судьбе) (НАПЕРЕКОР судьбе) He continued to do that, despite the faith.

Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Russian НАВСТРЕЧУ НАВСТРЕЧУ Она вышла нам НАВСТРЕЧУ (НАВСТРЕЧУ нам). She went out towards us. НАПЕРЕРЕЗ Антон бросился машине НАПЕРЕРЕЗ (машине НАПЕРЕРЕЗ). (машине НАПЕРЕРЕЗ). Anton run across the path of a car. ВСЛЕД Ирина ещё долго глядела уходящему поезду ВСЛЕД. (ВСЛЕД уходящему поезду) Irina was looking after the train that left the station.

Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Serbian: DENOMINATIVE PREPOSITIONS DENOMINATIVE PREPOSITIONS NASUPROT NASUPROT (1) Tome NASUPROT (NASUPROT tome), Rimljani smatraju da nam jedino saznanje o prirodnom stanju može pružiti ono što je od njega zaostalo u našem pravu. (2) Ali zašto da ćuti kad se i njen život, njenoj volji NASUPROT (NASUPROT njenoj volji), izvrgava opasnosti? (1) Contrary to Romans consider that the only knowledge about the natural condition that can provide us with what is left in our law. (2) But why should she be silent when her life too, contrary to her will, is exposed to danger.

UPRKOS (UNATOČ) / DESPITE, IN SPITE OF (1) (…) kao njima UPRKOS, otac se oženio njom dve godine posle majčine smrti. (2) Ovom paradoksu UPRKOS, vrednost njegovog dela prepoznalo je Ministarstvo za kulturu Srbije i Muzej savremene umetnosti. (1) but, in spite of these arguments, father did marry her, two years after mothers death. (2) Despite this paradox, the value of his piece recognized the Ministry for Culture and the Museum of Contemporary Art. Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Serbian:

VERBAL ADPOSITIONS СПУСТЯ Они встретились пять лет СПУСТЯ (СПУСТЯ пять лет). (СПУСТЯ пять лет). Five years later they met. ВКЛЮЧАЯ, ОТСТУПЯ, ИСКЛЮЧАЯ, НАЧИНАЯ (чем), КОНЧАЯ (чем) Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Russian:

VERBAL ADPOSITIONS BLAGODAREĆI i ZAHVALJUJUĆI ( 1) Jedino njemu BLAGODAREĆI (BLAGODAREĆI njemu), taj veliki broj očnih bolesnika nije otišao u invalide... (2) (...) Upravo tome ZAHVALJUJUĆI (ZAHVALJUJUĆI tome), on je i pre prvog albuma imao kultni status (…). THANKS TO, BY COURTESY OF THANKS TO, BY COURTESY OF ( 1) Thanks to him only, so many patients with eye problems did not become invalids (…). (2) Thanks to this, he possessed even before their first album cult status (…). Adpositions (preposed/postposed) in Serbian:

Absolute postpositions in Russian: НАЗАД НАЗАД Иван был в Дубровнике год НАЗАД. Я узнала об этом неделю НАЗАД. Ivan was in Dubrovnik a year ago. I found out about this a week ago. НАПРОЛЁТ Он читал всю ночь НАПРОЛЁТ. The whole night he was reading. ПОГОДЯ (в связанном употреблении) Мы вернёмся к этой теме немного ПОГОДЯ. Well return to this topic a bit later.

НАРАВНЕ С веком С веком НАРАВНЕ on a level with a century ВРОВЕНЬ С тобой С тобой ВРОВЕНЬ on a level with you РЯДОМ СО мной СО мной РЯДОМ next to me НЕДАЛЕКО ОТ нас ОТ нас НЕДАЛЕКО not far away from us Adpositions (preposed/circumposed) in Russian:

OD/KOD...LEVO/DESNO/PRAVO (1) (...) Pola sata vozom OD stanice LEVO (...). (LEVO OD stanice) (LEVO OD stanice) (2) U njemu se oko 5 m KOD ulaza DESNO nalazi jezero. (DESNO KOD ulaza) (2) U njemu se oko 5 m KOD ulaza DESNO nalazi jezero. (DESNO KOD ulaza) FROM/AT...TO THE LEFT/RIGHT/STRAIGHT FROM/AT...TO THE LEFT/RIGHT/STRAIGHT (1) (...) It is half an hour by train, from the station to the left (…). (2) There we can find a lake approx. 5m to the right from entrance. Adpositions (preposed/circumposed) in Serbian:

OD/KOD… NEDALEKO/BLIZU (1) OD centra mesta NEDALEKO nalazi se velika kuća. (NEDALEKO OD centra mesta) (NEDALEKO OD centra mesta) (2) Tamo KOD ulaza BLIZU vidimo da je cev pukla... (BLIZU KOD ulaza) (BLIZU KOD ulaza) FROM/CLOSE TO/AT… NOT FAR AWAY/NEAR (1) Not far away from the centre of the town there is a big house. (2) Over there near the entrance the pipe broke... Adpositions (preposed/circumposed) in Serbian:

Contrary to the traditional views and positions held in linguistics – even in Indo-European languages, such as Russian and Serbian, one might find prepositions used also as postpositions and circumpositions. Furthermore, in Russian it is possible to identify even absolute postpositions. In both Russian and Serbian, postpositions come more frequently with pronouns than with nouns. The usage of adpositions as postpositions and circumpositions is becoming increasingly productive. Concluding remarks: