WORD FORMATION

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ (WORD-BUILDING) В английском языке имеется несколько способов словообразо­вания: ) 1) конверсия (образование новых слов без изменения их написания и произношения) 2) словосложение (образова­ние нового слова путем сложения двух слов в одно) 3) изменение ударения в слове (и получение нового слова другой части речи). 4) аффиксация (прибавление к корню суффикса или префикса)

Словообразование с помощью аффиксации. Prefixes Meaning Examples anti -= againstantisocial bi -= twobiannual co -= withco-driver ex-= previous, formerex-husband inter-= betweeninternational mis-= done wrongly or badlymisbehave mono-= onemonorail multi-=manymultinational non-= notnon-fiction out-= more, betteroutnumber

Словообразование с помощью аффиксации. Prefixes Meaning Examples over-= done to a great extentoverwork post= afterpostdate pre-= beforeprehistoric pro-= in favour ofpro-government re-= againredecorate semi-= halfsemi-final sub-= under, lesssubmarine super-=big, moresuperhuman trans-= travel from one side, to anothertranscontinental under-= not enoughundercooked

To express opposite meaning: de- defrost, decompose dis- dishonest, dislike in- indirect, independent But: il- (before l ) illogical im- (before m, p) immoral, impractical ir- (before r) irresponsible But: unreliable, unreasonable non- non-smoke, non-stop un- unacceptable, unemployed Словообразование с помощью аффиксации.

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, de­compose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, re­construct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Suffixes Nouns referring to people Verb + er/or/ar Verb + er/or/ar teach-teacher; sail-sailor; Noun/ verb/ adjective ist Noun/ verb/ adjective + ist motor-motorist; tour-tourist; Verb ant/ ent Verb + ant/ ent study-student; Noun +an/ ian Noun + an/ ian republic-republican; library- librarian

Nouns formed from verbs -age pack- package -al refuse-refusal -ance accept-acceptance -ation realize-realization -ence differ-difference -ion revise-revision -ment enjoy-enjoyment -sion comprehend-comprehension -sis hypnotise -hypnosis -tion prescribe- prescription Suffixes

Nouns formed from adjectives -ance important-importance -cy vacant-vacancy -ence competent-competence -ion desolate-desolation -ness lonely-loneliness -ity formal-formality -ty loyal-loyalty -y modest-modesty Suffixes

Adjectives formed from nouns -ous fame-famous -al addition-additional -ic hero-heroic -ive expense-expensive -ful (with) care-careful -less (without) care-careless -y health-healthy -ly friend-friendly Suffixes

Adjectives formed from verbs -able like-likable -ible defend-defensible -ive conclude-conclusive Verbs formed from adjectives -en light-lighten -ise legal-legalise Suffixes

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их: Achievement - achieve, resistance - resistant, assistance - assist - assistant, celebration - celebrate, difference - different, city - citizen, na­tion - national - nationality, measure - measurement, develop - develop­ment, act - active - activity, contain - container, discover - discovery - dis­coverer, literature - literary, graduate - graduation - undergraduate - post-graduate, educate - education, progress - progressive, act - action - activity - active, govern - governor - government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с по­ мощью суффикса -ег или -or. Переведите на русский язык: to lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ment. Переведите на русский язык: Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -ful и -less, переведите их на русский язык: Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -able, -ible, переведите их на русский язык: Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -ly и переведите их Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy