Инновационный Евразийский Университет Кафедра «Английская филология и перевод» Слайд-лекция по дисциплине «Диалектология» на тему «Introduction » Для студентов специальности «Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка» Разработал: ст. преп. Рудевский А.О.

План лекции 1.The object of Dialectology. 2.Terms of Dialectology. 3.History of Dialectology. 4.Connection of Dialectology with linguistic and non-linguistic branches of science.

The object of Dialectology Dialectology (from Greek διάλεκτος, dialektos, "talk, dialect"; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of linguistic dialect, a sub-field of sociolinguistics. It studies variations in language based primarily on geographic distribution and their associated features. Dialectology treats such topics as divergence of two local dialects from a common ancestor and synchronic variation.

Terms of Dialectology dialect - a way of speaking a language that is used only in a particular area or by a particular group; accent - a way of pronouncing words that shows what country, region, or social class you come from; slang very informal words, phrases, or meanings, not regarded as standard and often used by a specific profession, class, etc.

social dialect also sociolect - a dialect associated with a given demographic group; speech variety - a term sometimes used instead of LANGUAGE, DIALECT, SOCIOLECT, PIDGIN, CREOLE, etc., because it is considered more neutral than such terms. It may also be used for different varieties of one language, e.g. American English, Australian English, Indian English.

Creole - a PIDGIN language which has become the native language of a group of speakers, being used for all or many of their daily communicative needs; Pidgin - a language which develops as a contact language when groups of people who speak different languages try to communicate with one another on a regular basis;

comparative linguistics - a branch of linguistics which studies two or more languages in order to compare their structures and to show whether they are similar or different; language family - a group of languages that are believed to have developed from a common source, such as the Romance language family (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) which are all derived from Latin in the Middle Ages.

dialect levelling - a process through which dialect differences become reduced. Dialect levelling has been a major process in the formation of both American and other varieties of English such as New Zealand English; lexicography - the art of dictionary making; lexical corpus - a collection of words for purposes of language analysis;

isogloss - a line on a map indicating the boundary of a particular linguistic theory; accent - particular (esp. local or national) mode of pronunciation; lingua franca - a language systematically used to communicate between persons not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both persons' mother tongues

History of Dialectology The idea of dialect studies began in 1876, by Georg Wenker; Traditional studies in Dialectology were generally aimed at producing dialect maps, whereby imaginary lines were drawn over a map to indicate different dialect areas; Joseph Wright produced the six-volume English Dialect Dictionary in 1905;

The Linguistic Atlas of the United States (1930s) was amongst the first dialect studies to take social factors into account; In the 1950s, the University of Leeds undertook the Survey of English Dialects; 1964: Phonological Atlas of the Northern Region by Edouard Kolb;

1974: A Word Geography of England by Orton and Nathalia Wright; 1978: The Linguistic Atlas of England by Orton, Stewart Sanderson and John Widdowson; 1987: Word Maps by Clive Upton with Sanderson and Widdowson; 1994: Dictionary and Grammar by Upton, David Parry and Widdowson;

1996: An Atlas of English Dialects by Upton and Widdowson.

Connection of Dialectology with linguistic and non-linguistic branches of science Grammar Stylistics Language geography Etymology

Grammar - a description of the structure of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language. Stylistics – the study of that variation in language (STYLE) which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer.

Language geography is the branch of human geography that studies the geographic distribution of language or its constituent elements. There are two principal fields of study within the geography of language: the "geography of languages", which deals with the distribution through history and space of languages, and "linguistic geography", which deals with regional linguistic variations within languages.

Etymology is the study of the history of words and how their form and meaning have changed over time. For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages, and texts about the languages, to gather knowledge about how words were used at earlier stages, and when they entered the languages in question.

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