WORLD LITERARY HERITAGE OF THE EAST ALISHER NAVAI

Alisher Navoi (pers. علیشیر نوایی, Uzbek. Alisher Navoiy) (Nizamaddin World Alisher) (February 9, 1441, Herat - January 3, 1501, ibid) - an outstanding poet of the East, the Sufi philosopher direction statesman Timurid Khorasan. Under the pseudonym Fanny (mortal) wrote in Farsi, but the main product created under the pseudonym Navoi (melodic) Chagatai literary language in the development of which have a significant impact. His work gave a powerful impetus to the evolution of literature of Turkic languages, especially Chaghatay and adopted its traditions of Uzbek.

Nizamaddin World Alisher was born in a family Giyasaddina Kichkine, an official in the state Timurid descent of the Uighur Bakhsh, whose house was visited by prominent figures of philosophy and art of the time. Uncle World Alisher - Abu Said - was a poet; second uncle - Muhammad Ali - who was known as a musician and calligrapher. From a young age, Alisher was raised with children Timurid families; He especially friendly with the Sultan Hussein, later head of the Khorasan state, also a poet, patron of the arts.

Navoi studied in Herat (together with the future governor of Khorasan Hussein Baykara, friendly relations with whom kept for life), Mashhad and Samarkand. Among teachers Navoi was jam - in the future friend and associate of the poet. As a poet, distinguished himself in 15 years, with writing equally well in Turkish and Farsi).

In 1469 he was appointed Keeper of the Seals at the governor of Khorasan Hussein Baykara, with whom he had a friendly relationship. In 1472, he received the rank of vizier and the title of emir. In 1476, he resigned, but remained approximate Sultan, who trusted him important things in Herat and - during the cooling of their relationship - in Astrabad.

Navoi provided patronage and support material scientists, thinkers, artists, musicians, poets and calligraphers. When it is formed in Herat circle of scientists and creative people, which, among others, included himself, Jami, the sultan, who wrote poetry under the pseudonym Husaini, historians Mirkhond, Hondamir, Vasifi, Davlyatshah Samarkand, Behzad painter, architect Kavash-Edin. At the initiative of Navoi and under his leadership in Herat were built: Injil canal built madrassas khanaka, library, hospital.

As a thinker Alisher Navoi was a Dervish Sufi Naqshbandi Order. Following ethics Sufi Navoi celibate and did not have a harem. The artistic heritage of Alisher Navoi is huge and multifaceted: it includes about 30 major works - sofas (poetry collections), poems (epos), philosophical and scientific treatises. Using centuries-old cultural traditions of the Muslim peoples of Central Asia and the Middle East, Alisher Navoi creates quite original works.

"Treasury of thoughts" - page poetic Alisher Navoi. Manuscript Library of Suleiman the Magnificent Lyric poet huge legacy is known of his works in the genre of ghazal included in sofas in Chagatai language and Farsi. "Treasury of thoughts" - a poetic corpus composed by the poet himself in the years in chronological order and includes four sofas, corresponding to the four periods of the poet's life: "Rarities childhood", "The rarity of youth", "Rarities middle- aged", "Edification old age". Poems belong to different lyrical genres, among which the most numerous ghazals (more than 2600). In the present sofas and poems of other genres - Mukhammas, musaddasy, mestezady, kyty, Rubaie and ascending to the Turkic folk art tuyug.

One of its main tasks Navoi considered development of literary Chagatai language (the Turks). It is in the lyric poet Turkic verse reached the summits of artistic expression: his ghazals striking filigree trim parts virtuoso compliance with formal rules, semantic game, fresh images, allegories and metaphors. Thanks to the lyrics Navoi Farsi loses the status of a single language. Once Babur in his book "Babur-nama" said the language Navoi: Babur "Alisherbek man was unmatched, since, as a Turkic language compose verses, no one else composing them so much and so well"

Поэт составил также так называемый «Диван Фани» сборник лирических стихов на фарси. «Сорок хадисов» («Арбаин кирк хадис») произведение другого типа. Это 40 четверостиший на тюркском языке, написанных на темы хадисов пророка Мухаммеда. Основой сочинения послужило одноимённое сочинение Джами на языке фарси (в сущности, произведение Навои представляет собой вольный перевод). Свои касыды на персидском языке Навои собрал в два сборника «Шесть необходимостей» («Ситтаи зарурия») и «Четыре сезона года» («Фусули арбаа»).

Creative peak Navoi - the famous "Pyatёritsa", which includes five epic poems: didactic "Confusion just" (1483) and the heroic story (epics) "Layla and Majnun" (1484), "Farhad and Shirin" (1484), "Seven planets "(1484)," Iskandarov wall "(1485).

"Pyatёritsa" is a "response" (Samir) to "Pyatёritsy" Nizami Ganjavi and Indo- Persian poet Amir Khusrau Dehlavi (written in Farsi). Navoi reproduces scenes of their writings, some formal features, but often gives a different interpretation of the themes and plot situations, a new interpretation of events and images.

"Confusion just" - the first poem of the cycle, the product of didactic and philosophical sense. It developed motives of Nizami's poem "The treasure of secrets." It consists of 64 chapters that address the issues of religion and morality. In the poem exposes the feudal strife, cruelty state nobles, lords arbitrariness, hypocrisy sheikhs. Poet passionately argues ideals of justice.

"Layla and Majnun" - a poem on the theme of medieval Arabic legend (also developed by Nizami, Amir Khusraw, Jami) of the sad young poet's love for the beautiful Layla Kaisa. Poignant emotional conflicts and refined poetic language of the poem made it widely popular in the east of the reader. The poem had a great influence on the literature of the East and the Uzbek folklore.

"Farhad and Shirin" - heroic- romantic poem on the old story about the love of a hero to the Armenian beauty Farhad Shirin claimed by the Persian king Chosroes. The plot was developed Nizami, Navoi poem but differs in that the author pereaktsentiroval his attention to the Shah Khusrau on Farhad hero, making it an ideal epic hero. This was possible thanks to the fact that Alisher Navoi used the techniques of folk poetry and tradition of folk tales (epos).

"Seven Planets" - the poem, uniting the general frame of seven fairy stories. In allegorical form poem criticizes environment Alisher Navoi, rulers (Timurid), Sultan Hussein and his courtiers. "Iskandar Wall" - the last cycle poem, written in common semi-fantastic story about the life of the ideal just ruler-sage Iskandar (under this name is known in the East by Alexander the Great).

The authors of the XV century believed that the Turkish language is tough for poetry. This view denies Alisher Navoi in his treatise "The dispute of two languages" (1499). It justified the cultural and artistic significance Chagatai language (the Turks). Navoi wrote: Wealth Turkic language proven set of facts. Coming out of people's environment talented poets should not reveal their abilities in Persian. If they can work in both languages, it is still highly desirable that they are in their own language to write poetry a little more. "And further: "I think that I have approved the great truth in front of worthy people of Turkish people, and they knew the true power of speech and expression, excellent quality of its language and its words, get rid of disparaging attacks on their language and speech by composing poems in Persian.

Problems in the theory of literature and poetry raised in his treatise "Libra size". Theoretical concepts and creativity itself Alisher Navoi had an enormous impact on both the development of Uzbek literature in Chagatai language and the development of other Turkic-speaking literature (Uighur, Turkmen, Azeri, Turkish, Tatar).

Alisher Navoi - by geographical and historical books: "Pyateritsa distraught" (1492) is devoted to Jami; anthology "Collected subtle" ( ) contains a brief description of the writers - contemporaries Navoi; "History of Iranian kings" and "History of the prophets and sages," contains information about the legendary and historical figures of the East, of the Zoroastrian and Koranic mythology. Later works of the state. At the end of his life Alisher Navoi wrote an allegorical poem "The Language of Birds" ("The Parliament of Birds" and "Simurg") (1499), and the philosophical and allegorical treatise "Beloved Hearts" (1500), dedicated to the best structure of society. The book reveals the influence of the works of Yusuf Balasaguni and "Gulistan" Saadi. The book condemns the brutal, ignorant and immoral rulers and approved the idea of centralization of power in the hands of just enlightened ruler.

APHORISMS, QUOTES, SAYINGS ALISHER NAVOI Dearer books in the world there is no other. You can not clap your hands with one hand. Among the people is the best one who brings people more benefits. Than alive who does not know the holy friendship? He is like a pearl empty. Words can prevent death, words can revive the dead. For small sin not reproach and cruel death shall not be imposed until the court date.

Афоризмы, цитаты, высказывания Swagger language itself reproaches, generates hundreds of ills, misery and resentment. People can not always be alive, but happy is he whose name will be remembered. Go and stay imperfect world - is the same as that to get out of the bath unwashed. When greed sounds in words, do not believe any of flattery women nor men intrigues. Having patience can create silk leaves and honey from the rose petals. Who is the real man, this man's lover must also be a real man. Truthful speech is nice and smooth, but how beautiful the words of truth brevity.

Who devoted his life to the service of science, and that name will be immortal after death. If you are a man, you do not call that a man who does not care about the fate of his people. A person can make a mistake; recognition of its ennobles him. But twice ennobles, if a person fix. Alisher Navoi

Alisher Navoi - spiritual spokesman of independence In one of the largest cultural and intellectual and research centers in the world - the Library of Congress of the United States hosted an international symposium on "Alisher Navoi and its impact on the cultural development of the peoples of Central Asia." Leading US, European and Uzbek scientists made presentations on the work of Alisher Navoi, and general issues of historical, cultural and civilizational heritage of the peoples of Central Asia

ALISHER NAVOI GAZELLE Nightingale, devoid of roses, silent, does not sing; Parrot, devoid of treats, where eloquence find_ I lost your love. Like a flame - every breath. I sigh, fearing not to burst the sky. And for that I do not cry, do not you accuse me - Who died long grief, how can he cry_ Day and night I pray Allah - to kill, but do not punish! Better to lose my soul, than to endure the oppression of separation. Around the spark of your smile curled night moth He lost his candle at the hour when the dawn rises. Navoi with you apart bird was voiceless. Do not deprive your slave henceforth royal bounty!