Metabolism

Why Study Metabolism? Classification of bacteria Oxygen Tolerance Biochemical reactions Acids, Ammonia, Gases Fermentation Products Food Products Yogurt, Sour Cream, Bread, Alcohol Commercial Products Citric Acid, Plastics Environmental Cleanup Chapter 5

Ying & Yang of Metabolism Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism Photosynthesis requires Respiration Respiration requires Photosynthesis Energy Production = Energy Consumption Chapter 5

Breakdown Proteins to Amino Acids, Starch to Glucose Synthesis Amino Acids to Proteins, Glucose to Starch

Chapter 5

Over view of Metabolism Source of Energy (Photo- vs. Chemotroph) Source of Electrons Carrier of Electrons Final Electron Acceptor Source of Carbon (Auto- vs. Heterotroph) Auto- : Carbon Dioxide Hetero- : Organic Compounds Chapter 5

Classification based on Metabolism Where microbes get their energy? Sunlight vs. Chemical Photo- vs. Chemo- trophs How do they obtain carbon? Carbon Dioxide (or inorganic cmpds.) vs. Organic Compounds (sugars, amino acids) Auto- vs. Hetero- trophs Examples Photoautotrophs vs. Photoheterotrophs Chemoautotrophs vs. Chemoheterotrophs Chapter 5

Types of -trophs Chapter 5

Source of Electrons Autotrophs Photosynthesis H 2 O, H 2 S Chemotrophs Organic Compounds Carbohydrates (C H 2 O) Glucose, Lactose, Sucrose, Mannitol, Citrate Amino Acids Chapter 5

Electron Carriers Photosynthesis NADP + H to NADPH Respiration NAD + H to NADH FAD + H to FADH Contain Niacin and Riboflavin Vitamins, not stable Cant store these molecules Chapter 5

Final Electron Acceptor Photosynthesis CO 2 + Hs to CH 2 O Stores energy Respiration Aerobic 1/2 O 2 + H 2 to H 2 O Anaerobic Fermentation Chapter 5

Movement of Electrons Chemical reactions Oxidation Reactions Reduction Reactions Reactions Coupled Redox reactions Chapter 5

Examples ATP ADP + P Oxidation, release energy ADP + P ATP Reduction, stores energy NAD + H NADH FADH FAD + H NH / 2 O 2 NO 2 - +H 2 O + 2H + ATP 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O Chapter 5

Respiration Overview; Glucose to Carbon dioxide + Water +Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 38 ATP Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy Oxygen receives the electrons to form energy 4 separate reactions Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport, Chemiosomosis Requires Oxygen Chapter 5

Glycolysis- 10 steps Glucose is Phosphorylated to form Fructose 1,6-diphosphate Split to form 2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Final Products are: 2 Pyruvic Acid (C 3 H 4 O 3 ) Compare to original glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6 2 NADH 2 ATP Chapter 5

Photosynthesis Plants CO 2 + H 2 O + Light C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Water is split to release electrons Bacteria H 2 S is used not water Sulfur or Sulfuric Acid formed Oxygen not released Chlorophyll is different Strict Anaerobe Purple & Green Sulfur Bacteria Chapter 5