Written: Sarsenbaeva Iroda Course: 2 Group: Checket: С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАЗАХСКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ С.Д.АСФЕНДИЯРОВА

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacter ium tuberculosis. The caustive agent of tuberculosis was discovered by Koch in 1882.

This disease may also affect other organs

The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood- containing sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The historical term "consumption" came about due to the weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.

Transmission When people suffering from active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, speak, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5 µm in diameter. A single sneeze can release up to 40,000 droplets. Each one of these droplets may transmit the disease, since the infectious dose of tuberculosis is very low and inhaling less than ten bacteria may cause an infection. The probability of transmission from one person to another depends upon the number of infectious droplets expelled by a carrier, the effectiveness of ventilation, the duration of exposure, and the virulence of the M. tuberculosis strain. The chain of transmission can, therefore, be broken by isolating patients with active disease and starting effective anti- tuberculous therapy. After two weeks of such treatment, people with non-resistant active TB generally cease to be contagious.