Gastric and Duodenal ulcers Student: Urisbaeva A. 2 nd kurs 003-2group Teacher: Alparov T. С.Д.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ KAZAKH NATIONAL MEDICAL ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ S.J.ASFENDIYAROV Almaty, 2017 year

Plan: What is peptic ulcer? Causes and mechanism of occurrence Symptomatics Diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a fairly common pathology. According to statistics, it affects 5- 10% of the population of different countries, with men 3-4 times more often than women. An unpleasant feature of this disease is that it often affects people of young, working age, for some, and quite a long period, depriving them of their ability to work. In this article we will consider the symptoms of stomach and duodenal ulcers, the causes of the onset of the disease and the ways of its diagnosis.

What is peptic ulcer? This is a recurrent chronic disease of the stomach and duodenum, characterized by the formation of one or more ulcerative defects on the mucous membrane of these organs. The peak incidence falls on the age of years. In all likelihood, this is due to the fact that it is at this period of life that a person is maximally exposed to emotional tension, often leads an incorrect lifestyle, irregularly and irrationally feeds.

Causes and mechanism of occurrence Defects of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum arise under the influence of the so-called aggression factors (they include hydrochloric acid, a proteolytic enzyme pepsin, bile acids and a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori) if their number predominates over mucosal protection factors (Local immunity, adequate microcirculation, prostaglandin levels and other factors).

Factors predisposing to the disease are: Helicobacter pylori infection (this microbe causes inflammation in the mucous membrane, destroying the protective factors and increasing acidity); Taking certain medications (non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, steroid hormones); Irregular meals; Bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol); Acute and chronic stress; heredity. Factors predisposing to the disease are: Helicobacter pylori infection (this microbe causes inflammation in the mucous membrane, destroying the protective factors and increasing acidity); Taking certain medications (non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, steroid hormones); Irregular meals; Bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol); Acute and chronic stress; heredity.

Symptomatology For peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is characterized by a chronic, undulating course, that is, from time to time the period of remission is replaced by exacerbation (the latter are noted mainly in the spring-autumn period). Complaints patients present during an exacerbation, the duration of which can vary within 4-12 weeks, after which the symptoms regress for a period of several months to several years. Many factors can cause aggravation, the main of which are gross bias in the diet, excessive physical stress, stress, infection, taking certain medications.

In most cases, peptic ulcer debuts sharply with the emergence of intense pain in the stomach. The time of the onset of pain depends on the department in which the ulcer is localized: "Early" pain (appear immediately after a meal, decrease as the contents of the stomach in the duodenum - after 2 hours after ingestion) are characteristic of ulcers located in the upper part of the stomach; "Late" pain (occur about 2 hours after eating) worries people suffering from anthral ulcer of the stomach; "Hungry" or nocturnal pains (occur on an empty stomach, often at night and decrease after eating) are a sign of duodenal ulcer.

Since the acidity of gastric juice and the sensitivity of the gastric mucosa to it in patients suffering from peptic ulcer are usually elevated, a very frequent complaint of such patients is heartburn. It can occur both at the same time as pain, and precede it. Approximately half of the patients complain of eructations. This symptom is nonspecific, which arises from the weakness of the cardiac esophageal sphincter, combined with the phenomena of antiperistalsis (movements against the food course) of the stomach. The eructation is often acidic, accompanied by drooling and regurgitation.

Diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer Suspected of the disease to the doctor will help complaints and palpation of the patient's stomach, and the most accurate method of confirming the diagnosis is esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or EFGDS. Treatment of peptic ulcer depends on the degree of its severity and can be either conservative (with optimization of the patient's regimen, compliance with dietary recommendations, the use of antibiotics and antisecretory drugs) or surgical (usually with complicated forms of the disease). At the stage of rehabilitation the most important role is played by diet therapy, physiotherapy, and psychotherapy.