SIW THEME: PREVENTION OF OBESITY STUDENT : ZHAKSYBEKOV N.I. GROUP : MPW 505 TEACHER : SHIRINOVA M.K. SHYMKENT 2017 South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy The department " Hygiene-1 and epidemiology"

OBESITY Obesity – the most important problem of the present. Overweight is observed at people of any age, at the same time it makes negative impact on functioning of an organism, in particular - for work of cardiovascular system. Prevention of obesity is necessary at any age, otherwise it is possible to spoil the metabolism and all life since the childhood to be excruciated with an excess weight and a set of associated diseases.

THE REASONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY Allocate two main causes promoting development of obesity: improper feeding in combination with low-active lifestyle; existence of endocrine diseases (illnesses of a liver, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, ovaries). The great influence has also a hereditary factor. At teenage age children often neglect the life: lead a sedentary life, use excessive amount of harmful food.

FACTORS PROMOTING EMERGENCE OF OVERWEIGHT In the absence of genetic predisposition and endocrine diseases an obesity is caused by the next factors: lack of necessary physical activity; frequent stresses and strong experiences; improper nutrition – violations of alimentary behavior which lead to development of a bulimia, anorexia and other diseases; the use big amount of digestible carbohydrates, products with high content of carbohydrates; disturbance of a sleep pattern, in particular - a sleep debt; the use of drugs which influence work of a CNS, stimulating or oppressing her.

CLASSIFICATION OF OBESITY Primary obesity develops at disturbance of a delivery and an inactive way of life. When in an organism the excessive amount of energy which couldn't be spent collects, it collects in the form of fatty deposits. A secondary obesity is a consequence of various diseases, injuries, tumors which influence work of regulatory system of an organism. Endocrine represents increase of weight of the patient because of violations in work of organs of endocrine system, in particular – a thyroid gland, adrenals or ovaries.

OBESITY: TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Treatment of obesity has to begin at an early stage. In this case observance of a diet, active lifestyle and a healthy sleep will be able to normalize weight and to return to a body desirable outlines. In rare cases medicines can be necessary for weight reduction or operation during which carry out reduction of volume of a stomach. To prevent development of obesity, it is necessary to adhere to several highlights: to give preference to healthy food and not to use more, than it is necessary for full work of an organism; to lead active lifestyle – in free time it is worth playing sports, to walk more in the fresh air; it is important to get enough sleep and avoid stressful situations, which can provoke violations in a metabolism or work of endocrine glands. Keeping of all rules will prevent an obesity. The reasons, prevention and treatment of the developed obesity have to be interconnected and referred on change of lifestyle and homing of former volumes of a body.

DIET AT OBESITY At an obesity the doctor refers the patient to the dietarian who considers preferences of the child or the adult and makes a new ration. Prophylaxis of an obesity at teenagers has to include a psychological factor in combination with the main medical references. The most important and effective references are: restriction of the use of greasy, fried and high-calorific food, semi-finished products, aerated water, products with the high content of sugar; the use of the fat-free dairy products; fresh vegetables and fruit have to make a basis of a daily diet; meat and fish are preferable low-fat grades, steamed, baked or boiled; restriction of the use of products with the high content of sodium; reduce amount of the refined carbohydrates (bread, rice, sugar); eat food at the same time; to have breakfast; replace any drinks with clear water and drink 2-3 liters a day.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AT OBESITY Moderate physical activities will allow to improve result of dietary food. It is necessary to pick up optimum sport at which the organism won't be tired out. Otherwise will motivate rather difficult itself on occupations. The sport has to bring pleasure and give energy and positive emotions. Prevention of obesity at children has to include decrease of time spent at the computer or the TV, till 1-2 o'clock in day. In the other time it is necessary to be active, to visit sports clubs or to be engaged in house conditions, it will even be empty it is house cleaning, jog, swimming or fitness. Everyone chooses occupations to himself to taste.

CONSEQUENCES OF NOT CURED OBESITY If in time not to diagnose the reason which caused emergence of excess weight and not to begin treatment of an obesity, there can be serious complications. Prevention of obesity at advanced age is necessary for prevention of emergence of associated diseases and states, such as: illnesses of joints and bones; rising of arterial pressure; illnesses of a liver and gall bladder; sleep disorders; depression; rising of level of a cholesterin in a blood; asthma; disorders of alimentary behavior; Diabetum; cardiovascular diseases; early death.