Earthquake in Japan, March 11, 2011 Prokoptsova Valentina 9 «В»

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Earthquake in Japan, March 11, 2011 Prokoptsova Valentina 9 «В»

An earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter Scale struck off Japan's north-east coast, about 250 miles (400km) from Tokyo at a depth of 20 miles.

The magnitude 9.0 earthquake happened at 2:46pm (local time) on Friday March 11, 2011.

The earthquake occurred 250 miles off the North East Coast of Japan's main island Honshu.

Japan is located on the eastern edge of the Eurasian Plate. The Pacific Plate, which is an oceanic plate, subducts (sinks under) the Eurasian Plate, which is a continental plate, to the east of Japan. This type of plate margin is known as a destructive plate margin. The process of subduction is not smooth. Friction causes the Pacific Plate to stick. Pressure builds and is released as an earthquake.

The earthquake occured at a relatively shallow depth at 20 miles below the surface of the Pacific Ocean. This, combined with the high magnitude, caused a tsunami.

The tsunami struck the north eastern coast of Honshu. Japan's worst previous earthquake was of 8.3 magnitude and killed 143,000 people in Kanto in A magnitude 7.2 quake in Kobe killed 6,400 people in 1995.

* Size of the rupture along the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates: 290 kilometers (180 miles) long, 80 kilometers across. * Duration of strong shaking reported from Japan: three to five minutes. * Distance that the island of Honshu appears to have moved after the quake: 2.4 meters. * Depth of the quake: 24.4 kilometers. * Top speed of a tsunami over the open ocean: About 800 kilometers per hour. * Number of confirmed aftershocks: 401