Verbs

A verb is a word expressing an action, or a state of being. Example: She is very busy. He sings.

Verbs are divided into: simple: to read, to speak, to love derived: (having suffixes or prefixes) to discover, to blacken, to rewrite compound: (consisting of two stems) to broadcast, to whitewash phrasal (consisting of a verb and an adverb or a preposition) to give up, to come back

Kinds of Verbs Action Verbs – show either a physical or mental action. The plane landed at the airport a while ago. (physical action) Mother always hopes for the best. (mental action)

Kinds of Verbs Linking Verbs – connect the subject with a noun or an adjective that identifies or describes the noun or the pronoun. o The verb be is the most frequently used linking verb. Be, being, been, am, is, are, was, and were are its most common forms.

Kinds of Verbs Other linking verbs include: appeargetremainsound becomegrowseemstay feellooksmelltaste

Kinds of Verbs Auxiliary Verbs – verbs used with main verbs to form verb phrases. The most common auxiliary verbs are forms of be, have, and do. be, been, am, is, was, were do, does, did have, has, hadcan, could will, wouldmay, might shall, shouldmust

A verb is transitive when a person or thing directs the action toward someone or something. The receiver of the action is called the object of the verb. He wrote a beautiful poem. (a what? – a poem) A verb is intransitive when the doer of the action does not direct the action toward someone or something. The sky darkened.

Active and Passive Voice Voice tells whether the subject of the Sentence is the doer or the receiver of the action. The verb is in the active voice if the subject performs the action. Mother gave me a new dress. The verb is in the passive voice is the subject receives the action. I was given a new dress by Mother.

a. Indicative mood – expresses something factual that has happened, is happening, or will happen. Rommel eats quickly. b. Imperative mood – is used for commands or requests. Please stop at the next gas station. c. Subjunctive mood – expresses a wish or statement contrary to fact. If I were you, I would visit my family more often.

Verb Tenses Simple Tense Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense Progressive Tense (Continuous) Present Progressive Past Progressive Future Progressive

Verb Tenses Perfect Tense Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense Perfect Progressive (Continuous) Tense Present Perfect Progressive Tense Past Perfect Progressive Tense Future Perfect Progressive Tense

Simple Tenses Simple Present Tense base form + -s/es expresses action happening at the present moment or action that happens habitually A strange noise comes from the basement.

Simple Tenses Simple Past Tense base form + -d/ed express action or a state of being that took place in the past The students waited for the guest for more than four hours. The president signed the peace treaty.

Simple Tenses Simple Future Tense will / shall + base form expresses an action that will take place sometime in the future; may also express a prediction or give an order The Zoom Master will play against the Gin- Makers on Sunday. The candidate will surely win the pageant.

Progressive Tenses Present Progressive Tense To be + -ing form of the verb shows action happening in the present or continuing action Look! That girl is waving at you. They are painting landscapes.

Progressive Tenses Present Progressive Tense to be verb + -ing form of the verb express action or a state of being that took place in the past I was writing my report when you called. When the principal came, the students were doing their English projects.

Progressive Tenses Future Progressive Tense will / shall + be + - ing form of the verb indicates future action I shall be doing my homework at 6 oclock yesterday.

Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Tense has / have + past participle of the verb describe an action in the past and continues to the present; also express an action that has been completed at some indefinite past The basketball player has had a lot of trouble with his knee. We have waited long for this blessing.

Perfect Tenses Past Perfect Tense had + past participle of the verb express an action that was completed in the past at some time before another action took place Mariz had worked as a nanny before she graduated. I had already left by the time the school bus came to pick me up.

Perfect Tenses Future Perfect Tense will / shall + have + past participle of the verb used to express future action that will be completed before another future action My brother will have graduated by In December, they will have known each other for a year.

Perfect Progressive Form Present Perfect Progressive Form has/have + been + -ing form of the verb indicates past action that continues to the present I have been hoping you would call.

Perfect Progressive Form Past Perfect Progressive Form had + been + -ing form of the verb indicates past action that continues to the present Nico had been seeing Nikki a lot until summer.

Perfect Progressive Form Future Perfect Progressive Form will / shall + have + been +- ing form of the verb indicates a continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future In another five minutes, we will have been driving for five hours.

Non-Verb Forms - Participles A participle must be in a verb string in order to behave as a verb. Without an auxiliary, a participle plays a non-verb role in its sentence. Arriving home late, Priscilla RUSHED into the kitchen. She WAS THINKING about the burnt potatoes.

Non-Verb Forms - Participles Remember that participles are parts of verb strings. They need auxiliaries to do a verb's work. If a participle has no auxiliary in front of it, look elsewhere for the sentence's verb.

Infinitives When the word to stands in front of the base form of a verb, it creates an infinitive. An infinitive plays a non-verb role in its sentence. To know him IS to love him. I WANT to bring him with me at Christmas.