Acute Cholecystitis created: Oralbekova Zh.O Karaganda 2016 Karaganda State Medical University

Plan Introduction Main part Causes Symptoms Diagnosed Treated Prevented Introduction Main part Causes Symptoms Diagnosed Treated Prevented

What Is Cholecystitis? Acute cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is an organ that sits below your liver and helps your body digest fat. Cholecystitis can become very severe and in most cases requires immediate medical attention.

What Are the Causes and Risks Factors of Cholecystitis? Gallstones are by far the most common cause of acute cholecystitis. Bile can build up in the gallbladder if gallstones obstruct the bile ducts. This leads to inflammation. Acute cholecystitis can also be caused by a severe illness or tumor. However, these causes are rare. The condition is considered chronic when attacks of cholecystitis are repeated or prolonged. Women get gallstones more often than men. They also have a higher risk of developing acute cholecystitis. Risk increases with age in both men and women, although the reason is unclear. The risk is also higher for people of Scandinavian, Native American, and Hispanic descent.

What Are the Symptoms of Acute Cholecystitis? The most common sign that you have acute cholecystitis is abdominal pain that lasts for several hours. This pain is usually in the middle or right side of your upper abdomen. It may also spread to your right shoulder or back. Pain from acute cholecystitis can feel like sharp pain or dull cramps. Its often described as excruciating. Other symptoms include: clay-colored stool vomiting nausea fever yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes pain, typically after a meal chills abdominal bloating

How Is Acute Cholecystitis Diagnosed? Abdominal ultrasounds use sound waves to create an image of your organs. This is the most commonly ordered imaging test thats used to diagnose cholecystitis. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a procedure that creates an image of the upper portion of your small intestine, liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts. Cholangiography uses dye injected into your bile ducts to show the gallbladder and bile ducts on an X- ray. CT scans are computerized images used to create images of your internal organs.

How Is Cholecystitis Treated? If you have severe belly pain, seek medical attention right away. In the emergency room, you'll be given fluids through a vein. You also may be given antibiotics to fight infection. Cholecystitis may clear up on its own. However, if you have gallstones, you will probably need surgery to remove your gallbladder. Nonsurgical treatment includes: Antibiotics to fight infection Low-fat diet (if you are able to eat) Pain medicines You may need emergency surgery if you have complications such as: Gangrene (tissue death) Perforation (a hole that forms in the wall of the gallbladder) Pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas) Persistent bile duct blockage Inflammation of the common bile duct If you are very ill, a tube may be placed in your gallbladder and through your skin to drain it. Then, once you are feeling better, you may have surgery.

How Is Cholecystitis Prevented? You may be able to reduce your risk of developing acute or chronic cholecystitis by losing weight and eating a healthier diet. Its believed that cholesterol plays a part in the formation of gallstones. You should avoid foods that are high in fat and cholesterol. Being overweight increases the amount of cholesterol in your bile. This raises your chances of developing gallstones. If you choose to lose weight to reduce the risk of gallstones, its best to do so gradually. Rapid weight loss may upset the delicate bile chemistry in your body. This can increase your chances of developing gallstones. Talk to your doctor if youre concerned about your weight. Theyll help you come up with an effective weight loss plan.

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