Fulfilled by: Zakirov D. Group: Checked by: Svichkar Y.V Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan South Kazakhstan State. Pharmaceutical Academy Shymkent,2016

What is a carbon? Carbon (from Latin: carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. Three isotopes occur naturally, 12 C and 13 C being stable while 14 C is radioactive, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. [14] Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.Latinchemical elementatomic numberperiodic tableisotopes 12 C 13 C 14 Cradioactivehalf-life [14]few elements known since antiquity

Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen.

Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life. It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass (about 18.5%) after oxygen.organic compoundspolymerEarthall known life

. The allotropes of carbon (see below) includes graphite, one of the softest known substances, and diamond, the hardest naturally occurring substance. It bonds readily with other small atoms including other carbon atoms, and is capable of forming multiple stable covalent bonds with such atoms. Carbon is known to form almost ten million different compounds, a large majority of all chemical compounds.allotropesgraphitediamondbondsatomscovalentchemical compounds Characteristics

Carbon is the fourth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon is abundant in the Sun, stars, comets, and in the atmospheres of most planets. fourth most abundant chemical elementSunstarscometsatmospheresplanets

Some meteorites contain microscopic diamonds that were formed when the solar system was still a protoplanetary disk. Microscopic diamonds may also be formed by the intense pressure and high temperature at the sites of meteorite impactsmeteoritessolar systemprotoplanetary disk

Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations. Diamonds were known probably as early as 2500 BCE in China, while carbon in the form of charcoal was made around Roman times by the same chemistry as it is today, by heating wood in a pyramid covered with clay to exclude air.sootcharcoalhumancivilizationscharcoalpyramidclay

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