CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Complying : Gaitova M. Make sure: Ashirova Zh.

PLAN a common understanding of the cell a common understanding of the cell The construction of the cell Eukaryotic Prokaryotes Cell function Conclusion

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.Organisms can be classified as unicellular or multicellular While the number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species, humans contain more than 10 trillion cells.Most plant and animal cells are visible only under the microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres.The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named the biological unit for its resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery. Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that all cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.Cells emerged on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago

Construction of the plant cells

Difference between plant cell and animal cell Difference between plant cell and animal cell Because of functional differences, there are great differences between plant and animal cells. Plant cells have a cell wall surrounding cell membrane, whereas animal cells only have a cell membrane. Plant cells have chloroplasts that help in photosynthesis. These are absent in animal cells. Animal cells have small vacuoles in comparison to plant cells that have a large vacuole. Plant cells are mostly regular in size and rectangular in shape whereas animal cells vary greatly in size and shape. Plant cells have a large fluid sac called vacuole while animal cells have many small vacuoles. Plant cells are larger and rectangular whereas animal cells are smaller and circular in shape. Because of functional differences, there are great differences between plant and animal cells. Plant cells have a cell wall surrounding cell membrane, whereas animal cells only have a cell membrane. Plant cells have chloroplasts that help in photosynthesis. These are absent in animal cells. Animal cells have small vacuoles in comparison to plant cells that have a large vacuole. Plant cells are mostly regular in size and rectangular in shape whereas animal cells vary greatly in size and shape. Plant cells have a large fluid sac called vacuole while animal cells have many small vacuoles. Plant cells are larger and rectangular whereas animal cells are smaller and circular in shape.

Eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cells