Polymers
definition Polymers - high molecular weight compounds built from a large number of repetitive, elementary, or monomeric units
Radical polymerization of ethylene n – degree of polymerisation -CH 2 - the repeating unit -CH 2 -CH 2 - monomer unit monomer polymer
Classification of the polymers of the nature of the monomer unit Organic –natural Simple (natural rubber, cellulose) Complex (proteins, nucleic acids) –Synthetic Carbochain (polyethylene, polystyrene) Hetero (polyamides, polyesters) Inorganic Element-organic (siloxanes, polyphosphazenes) Inorganic (polyphosphates, polysilicates)
Classification of the polymers of the nature of the monomer unit Оrganic –natural simple (natural rubber, cellulose)
Classification of the polymers of the nature of the monomer unit Organic –Natural complex (proteins, nucleic acids) Аминокислоты 20 Нуклеотиды 5
Classification of the polymers of the nature of the monomer unit Organic –Synthetic Carbochain (polyethylene, polystyrene) The backbone side groups
Классификация полимеров по природе мономерного звена Organic –Synthetic Гетероцепные (polyamides, polyesters) nylon lavsan
Classification of the polymers of the nature of the monomer unit –Inorganic (siloxanes, polyphosphazenes)
Classification of the polymers of the nature of the monomer unit Inorganic –Inorganic (polyphosphates, polysilicates)
Synthetic polymers. Methods of obtaining. Radical Polymerization (chain statistical process) Ionic polymerization (stereoregular catalytic process) Polycondensation (chemical reaction of multifunctional monomers with the release of low-molecular products) Polyaddition (chemical reaction of multifunctional monomers without isolation of low molecular weight products)
n (C 2 H 4 )Molecular massCondition at 25C 128gas 6170aqua paraffins polymer polymer The dependence of the ethylene polymers state polymerization degree
Configuration of synthetic polymers linear branched divaricate hyperbrancheddendrimers
irregularities chain head to the tail head to-head mixed
Cis trans isomers
stereoisomers
Configuration of synthetic polymers ГомополимерыСополимеры AAAAAAAЧередующиеся Статистические Блок-сополимеры Привитые ABABABAB AAABABBABAABBA AAAAAAABBBBBBBB AAAAAAAAAAAA BBB B Сшитые AAAAAAAAAAAA BBB AAAAAAAAAAAA