P RESENTATION ON THE TOPIC : E DWARD J ENNER Prepared by: student 302С\С Stroyvans Diana

Edward Jenner and the development of medicine in the centuries.

In 1796, Jenner decided to try out a theory he had developed. A young boy called James Phipps would be his guinea pig. He took some pus from cowpox blisters found on the hand of a milkmaid called Sarah. She had milked a cow called Blossom and had developed the tell-tale blisters. Jenner 'injected' some of the pus into James. This process he repeated over a number of days gradually increasing the amount of pus he put into the boy. He then deliberately injected Phipps with smallpox. James became ill but after a few days made a full recovery with no side effects. It seemed that Jenner had made a brilliant discovery.

He then encountered the prejudices and conservatism of the medical world that dominated London. They could not accept that a country doctor had made such an important discovery and Jenner was publicly humiliated when he brought his findings to London. However, what he had discovered could not be denied and eventually his discovery had to be accepted - a discovery that was to change the world. So successful was Jenner's discovery, that in 1840 the government of the day banned any other treatment for smallpox other than Jenner's.

Jenner did not patent his discovery as it would have made the vaccination more expensive and out of the reach of many. It was his gift to the world. A small museum now exists in his home town. It was felt that this was appropriate for a man who shunned the limelight and London. In the museum are the horns of Blossom the cow. The word vaccination comes from the Latin 'vacca' which means cow - in honour of the part played by Blossom and Sarah in Jenner's research.

Smallpox was a major killer before Edward Jenner's vaccination that was to change medical history. Whilst Jenners vaccinatioon did not eradicate smallpox, it had a marked impact on fatality rates in large and dirty cities such as London.

E DWARD J ENNER ( ) English physician Edward Jenner was the man who developed and popularized the technique of vaccination as a preventive measure against a terrible disease - smallpox.

Smallpox is a contagious viral infection, which affects only men. Mortality is up to 40%. People who survived smallpox, partially or completely losing his sight, and almost always on the skin remained numerous scars in the former ulcers.

Since ancient times, smallpox was a scourge of humanity. Her detailed descriptions found in the oldest manuscripts of India and China. A devastating pandemic virus was repeatedly swept across the world, taking millions of lives. Officially about the eradication of smallpox was declared in 1980.

Jenner was familiar with the belief existed among the milkmaids and peasants in their field, people illnes safe cow pox then never infected with smallpox. He carefully studied this question, 1796, began to think that the beliefs of the peasants is true, and, therefore, decided to check it out.

In may 1796, Jenner vaccinated eight-year-old boy. As expected, the child is sick cow pox, but soon recovered. Several weeks later, Jenner inoculated him a real smallpox and the boy had no symptoms of infection.

The practice of vaccination was widely distributed in England and soon became compulsory in the British army and Navy. In the end it took around the world.

Jenner was not the writer of the idea that the disease of the cow pox develops immunity against the actual terrible smallpox, he heard it from others. It is evident that several people have used cow vaccination smallpox before Jenner.

In Ancient China a wide spread had variolation - vaccinations content bubbles smallpox healthy people to prevent them from disease, but this way was ineffective.

Through her research, experiments and works Jenner turned popular belief that medics never took in earnest, in normal practice, which has saved millions of lives. Even the technique Jenner useful in order to prevent just one disease, but this disease was main ever.

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