Circadian rhythm. Anabaena sp. časová kompartmentace některé druhy sinic fixují vzdušný dusík, ale nitrogenáza je silně inhibována kyslíkem proto je nutné.

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Circadian rhythm

Anabaena sp. časová kompartmentace některé druhy sinic fixují vzdušný dusík, ale nitrogenáza je silně inhibována kyslíkem proto je nutné oddělit fixaci N 2 od fotosyntézy Oscillatoria limosa Synechococcus sp. heterocysty: fixace N 2 ostatní buňky: fotosyntéza

Identification of timekeeping genes chemical mutagenesis of a reporter strain screened for altered circadian gene expression identified arhythmic and altered period phenotypes Continuous light (h) psbAI::luxAB x10 4 bioluminescence

Bioluminescence (relative value) Hours in LL SP16 SP20 SP22 SP23 SP23a WT LP25 LP26 LP34 LP40 LP60 LP27 LP50 Mutant circadian rhythm phenotypes

mutagenized a reporter strain screened for altered circadian expression identified arhythmic and altered period mutants rescued phenotypes (3 contiguous genes) Identification of the kai locus Kaiten means cycle in Japanese. 1 kb kaiAkaiBkaiC Ishiura, M., et al. (1998) Science 281:

kai deletion phenotypes? Patterns of circadian expression from kaiB::luc ZT Time (Hours) Wild typeKaiC deletion kaiC ZT Time (Hours) kaiA Wild typeKaiA deletion …each kai gene is essential for rhythmicity

Cirkadiánní oscilátor sinice Synechococcus elongatus KaiA, KaiB, KaiC první model předpokládal transkripční/translační smyčku jako u eukaryot Ishiura et al. 1998

Cirkadiánní oscilátor sinice Synechococcus elongatus transkripční/translační smyčka posiluje oscilace na světle, ale oscilátor funguje (rytmicky se mění fosforylace KaiC) i ve stálé tmě a při inhibici transkripce a translace zásadní rozdíl oproti oscilátorům eukaryot TTO: transcription/translation oscillation Tomita et al. 2005

Cirkadiánní oscilátor sinice Synechococcus elongatus míra fosforylace proteinu KaiC osciluje také v systému in vitro (složky: KaiC, KaiA, KaiB, ATP), a to s cirkadiánní periodou a dokonce i s teplotní kompenzací Nakajima et al. 2005