ESP/ Science and Engineering Unit 2 Grammar and vocabulary

Grammar Past perfect Exercises Student Book/ p.17

Answers 1.Helped 2.Had encompassed 3.Had become 4.Had shaped 5.Had permeated 6.continues

SB/ P.78

Answers 1.Had finished – spent 2.Had done/did – started 3.Was – hadnt worked 4.Returned – had changed

Teachers resource book/ p.110/ test 2- part 1

Answers 1.Before she was thirty, she had established successful design company. 2.The project had already begun when Tom joined the company. 3.Had Anne and Megan worked together previously? 4.By 2001, investment in design had increased 50%. 5.Where had he worked before he went to Canada?

[IF + S + V 1, S + will + V base ] Real conditional in the future SB/ P. 79

Answers 1.If the company offers you a job, what will you do? 2.If they approve the budget, well start work next month. 3.If we ask for more time, will the management agree? 4.If we make the product more light-weight, itll not be as strong.

TRB/ P.110/ test-part 2

Answers 1.will do – have 2.Cancels – will happen 3.Goes – will meet 4.Will begin – approves 5.Dont hurry – wont be 6.Will replace – leaves

TB/ p.76 – activity 2.3

Answers: a. 1.If we make it stronger, it wil also be hevier. 2.If we produce more safety measures, there will be an increased cost. 3.If we use cheaper materials, it will have less durability. 4.If we include a high safety factor, we will have less efficiency. 5.If it has a thinner outer shell, it will offer less resistance. b. 1.If I can find some time next week, Ill visit my grandfather. 2.If everyone goes according to plan, a month from now we will finish the project. 3.Ill buy a new computer if my mother give me some money.

Passive voice/ present SB./p. 27

Answers 1.Run 2.Compared 3.Based 4.Designed 5.Listed 6.Applied 7.Weighed 8.made

SB/ p.80

Answers 1.The candidates are interviewed on three separate occasions. 2.The radiation is absorbed by the phosphors in the diode. 3.Are LEDs used in the alphanumeric displays on things like clocks? 4.At what stage is a comparative test carried out? 5.All the components are assembled right here in this factory.

TSB/ p. 110 – test 2

Answers 1.Is fed 2.Are written 3.Is broken 4.Are frozen 5.Is bent 6.Are flown

TB/ p.77/ activity 2.6

Answers 1.Are subjected 2.Are performed 3.Is placed 4.Are exposed 5.Is used 6.Are achieved 7.Is replaced

Vocabulary/ Unit 2 The most important vocabulary items in the unit: 1.appliance: جهاز كهربائي منزلي e.g., Major appliances include stoves, fridges, washing machines and dishwashers. 2. assembly: تجميع الاجزاء e.g., The assembly of a rifle by a soldier can be done in seconds. 3. Aviation engineering: تصميم وتصنيع اجهزة الملاحة الجوية e.g., The field of aviation engineering is well-paid. 4. Beta version: نسخة ما قبل اصدار المنتج الجديد e.g., Beta version of a computer game is done with a limited form of the game just to pick up any last- minute problems. 5. Bug: عيب/ مشكلة e.g., My computer program has a bug in it; every time I type n, it goes to the bottom of the page. 6. durable: قوي التحمل/ يدوم طويلا e.g., The soles on those shoes have lasted a year; they are quite durable. 7. hardware: الاجزاء المرئية والمكونة للجهاز e.g., The hardware includes the monitor, tower, mouse, keyboard and printer, and all their components. 8. Obsolescence: عملية التوقف عن العمل او الاستخدام e.g., Obsolescence of buildings happen over many years, as they become too old to use.

9. playtest: تجربة واختبار لعبة الكمبيوتر بواسطة اللعب e.g., Playtests are an established part of quality control process for computer games. 10. prototype: نموذج مطابق للمنتج الفعلي من أجل التجريب e.g., Construction of the two Concord prototypes, 001 and 002, began in the 1960s. 11. software: مجموعة من البرامج والتعليمات تمكن المستخدم من ااداء مهمة معينة. e.g., I use communications software to exchange knowledge with other computer users. 12. subassembly: مجموعة أجزاء صغيرة e.g., Using multipurpose subassemblies can result in big savings on original engineering and design costs. 13. trilemma: مشكلة او معضلة ثلاثية الأطراف e.g., The trilemma in this case is that we need a high-quality, low-cost product in a short time. 14. dilemma: مشكلة ثنائية الأطراف The dilemma in our case is that we need a product with high quality and low cost. 15. Value Engineering: تقييم التصميم (تحليل وظائف المنتج او البرنامج لتطوير جودته وتخفيض تكاليفه) e.g., VE was developed by General Electric during WW2 and is now widely used in government and industry. 16. weld:يلحم (الحديد او الصلب) e.g., Welding steel plates together is an important part of shipbuilding process. 17. compromise: اتفاق/ تسوية e.g., Compromises are at the heart of engineering designs 18. merits: حسنات/ ميزات e.g., Japanese cars have a lot of merits the most important of which is their durability.

19. requirements: متطلبات e.g., The candidate to be hired should meet our company requirements. 20. solution: حل لمشكلة e.g., Usually there are a number of solutions to a problem. 21. efficient: فعال e.g., Efficient use of energy saves you money. 22. substitute: بديل e.g., When you design a product, you should think about substitute materials. 23. mandatory: اجباري e.g., Safety testing is mandatory. 24. verify: يؤكد/ يثبت e.g., You have to verify your identity or you wont be able to enter the meeting. 25. sound: معتمد عليه/ صائب e.g., There are a number of sound reasons that enable you to proceed. 26. secure: يؤمن/ يحصل على e.g., Before you leave, you should secure the approval of your boss. 27. retailer: بائع e.g., He is a well-known electric retailer in the market. 28. endorsement: إقرار/ توقيع/ موافقة e.g., Companies secure approval and endorsements from trade associations. 29. hands-on: ذو طبيعة عملية تطبيقية e.g., Many employers consider hands-on experience to be as useful as academic qualifications.

Vocabulary exercises SB/ P.21-f

Answers: 1.Engineers 2.Mathematics 3.Models 4.Solutions 5.Merits 6.Requirements 7.Compromises 8.designs

SB/ p.21 - h

Answers: 1.Durability 2.Attractive 3.Reliability 4.Safe 5.High-quality 6.Efficiency 7.Compactness 8.Light-weight

S.B/p.23 - d

Answers: 1.Efficient use of energy 2.Cheaper substitute material 3.Efficiency and producibility 4.Modules and subassemblies 5.Customer feedback

SB/ p.26 - c

Answers: 1.b. Obligatory 2.d. confirm 3.a. reliable 4.c. advantage 5.d. obtain 6.b. sellers

TB/ p.111- part 5

Answers 1.F 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.B

Supplementary material Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer 1.Students who fail to meet the of the course will fail. a. Requirementsb. proposalsc. units 2. We discussed the of the projects many times. a. Engineersb. mathematicsc. merits 3. The government said that there will be no with terrorists. a. Meritsb. compromisec. designers 4. There is not easy to this problem a. solutionb. requirementc. model 5. By looking at this , you can get a better idea of how the bridge will look. a. Compromiseb. modelc. merits

Answers: 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. b

Exercise 2: Match the items on the left with their definitions on the right 1..feedback:a. information or statements of opinion about something 2. Subassemblyb. working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way 3. Efficientc. to use something instead of another thing 4. Substituted. capable of being produced, brought forward, or generated 5. Producibilitye. mulipurpose components that can be reused in a number of slightly different products

Answers: 1.A 2.E 3.B 4.C 5.D

Exercise 3:Choose 1. The film is on a short story. a. compared b. based c. listed 2. The car offers value for money, comfort and a. dependability b. application c. recommendation 3. I've some useful reading material on the handout. a. weighed b. Listed c. designed 4. What on earth have you got in this bag? It a ton! a. bases b. applies c. weighs 5. He wants a job in which he can his foreign languages. a. apply b. run c. base

Answers: 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A