«Электронные методические материалы по английскому языку для учащихся классов по теме «Письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения (задания С2 ЕГЭ по английскому языку)» Автор: Ротаренко О.А.. учитель английского языка ГОУ 160 Красногвардейского района Санкт-Петербурга

Argumentative Compositions FOR AND AGAINST EXPRESSING OPINION INTRODUCTION state topic MAIN BODY -arguments for & justification/examples -arguments against & justification/examples CONCLUSION balanced summary of the topic INTRODUCTION state topic and your opinion MAIN BODY -viewpoint1 & reasons/examples -viewpoint2 & reasons/examples -opposite viewpoint & reasons/examples CONCLUSION restate your opinion, using different words

Exercises For more information Literature

Expression Opinion Compositions expressing opinions are formal in style. This type of essays presents your own opinion, which should be clearly stated and supported by reasons. The opposing viewpoint can also be included before the closing paragraph, together with an argument that shows that it is an unconvincing one. The writers opinion usually is stated in the introduction and in the conclusion. Points to remember Useful words and phrases

For and Against Compositions for and against are formal in style. This type of essays presents the points in favour of a topic as well as the points against it. Each point should be supported by justifications, examples and/or reasons. This essay usually ends with a well-balanced consideration of the points discussed. Points to remember Useful words and phrases

Useful words and phrases To list and add points To introduce examples/reasons To show contrast To present the other side of the argument To introduce a conclusion To introduce or list advantages To introduce or list disadvantages To express opinion Techniques for Introductions/conclusions

Never start writing your composition before making a plan: before writing you need brainstorm for ideas related to the topic, group your ideas and put them in a logical order. Any essay should consist of well-developed paragraphs which clearly illustrate each point we make. Each main body paragraph should start with a topic sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph, followed by supporting sentences which justify what has been presented. Each viewpoint should be joined to the others with linking or sequence words. Points to remember

To list and add points In the first place Firstly To begin with To start with Secondly Thirdly Finally Lastly In addition (to this) What is more Furthermore Besides also not only…but also not to mention the fact that

To introduce examples/ reasons For example/ instance Such as Like In particular Therefore For this reason BecauseasSince As a result

To show contrast On the other hand However Yet StillBut Nevertheless Although Even though Despite/In spite of ( the fact)

To present the other side of the argument Contrary to what most people believe As opposed to the above ideas Some people argue that

To introduce a conclusion In conclusion To conclude/ sum up All in all All thing considered Taking everything into account/ consideration

To introduce or list advantages The main /first/most important advantage One/another/a n additional advantage of One point of view in favour of It is often suggested/ believed/argue d that Some/many people suggest/believe/ feel argue that Some/many people in favour of Some/many people are convinced that Some people argue that

To introduce or list disadvantage The main /most important disadvantage/ drawback of One/another /an additional disadvantage of One point/argument against Some/many people are against

Introduction Objective statement Address the reader directly Giving something to consider Problem that needs a solution Reference to a strange scene/ situation Quotation/ Rhetorical question Summarising the topic under question

Conclusion Objective statement Address the reader directly Giving something to consider Problem that needs a solution Reference to a strange scene/ situation Quotation/ Rhetorical question Summarising the topic under question

To express opinion I believe In my opinion I think In my view I strongly believe I feel that It seems to me that

To list and add points In the first place To begin with Secondly Finally In addition (to this) Furthermore Besides On the other hand However Yet ButAlthough Even though Despite/In spite of ( the fact) Click unsuitable phrases

To express opinion In my opinion I think In my view I strongly believe I feel that It seems to me that On the other hand HoweverButAlthough Even though Click unsuitable phrases

Литература УМК «Wishes» Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooly «Express Publishing» УМК «Enterprise 4» Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooly «Express Publishing» Е.Л.Занина «ЕГЭ: Английский язык. Эссе: темы и аргументы» Л.И.Романова «ЕГЭ: Английский язык. Письмо»