Using Information Technology Chapter 6 – part 2 Hardware: Input & Output

Hardware--Input & Output 2 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Hardware--Input & Output Taking Charge of Computing & Communications 6.3Output Hardware 6.4The Future of Input & Output 6.5Input & Output Technology & Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics

Hardware--Input & Output 3 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6.3 Output Hardware Softcopy - data that is shown on a display screen or is in audio or voice form Hardcopy - printed output Hard copy Soft copy

Hardware--Input & Output 4 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Display screens - output devices that show programming instructions and data as they are being input and information after it is processed

Hardware--Input & Output 5 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Pixel (picture element) - the smallest unit on the screen that can be turned on and off or made different shades

Hardware--Input & Output 6 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Factors affecting screen clarity: Dot pitch (dp) - the amount of space between the centers of adjacent pixels; the closer the dots, the crisper the image Resolution Color depth Refresh rate

Hardware--Input & Output 7 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Factors affecting screen clarity: Dot pitch Resolution - the image sharpness of a display screen; the more pixels there are per square inch, the finer the level of detail Color depth Refresh rate

Hardware--Input & Output 8 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Factors affecting screen clarity: Dot pitch Resolution Color depth - the amount of information, expressed in bits, that is stored in a dot Refresh rate

Hardware--Input & Output 9 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Factors affecting screen clarity: Dot pitch Resolution Color depth Refresh rate - the number of times per second that the pixels are recharged so that their glow remains bright

Hardware--Input & Output 10 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Two types of monitors: CRT - a vacuum tube used as a display screen in a computer or video display terminal Flat-panel display

Hardware--Input & Output 11 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Two types of monitors: CRT Flat-panel display - made up of two plates of glass separated by a layer of a substance in which light is manipulated

Hardware--Input & Output 12 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Active-matrix versus passive-matrix flat-panel displays: Active-matrix display - each pixel on the screen is controlled by its own transistor Passive-matrix

Hardware--Input & Output 13 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Active-matrix versus passive-matrix flat-panel displays: Active-matrix display Passive-matrix display - a transistor controls a whole row or column of pixels

Hardware--Input & Output 14 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Color & resolution standards for monitors:

Hardware--Input & Output 15 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers Printer - an output device that prints characters, symbols, and perhaps graphics on paper or another hardcopy medium Dpi - a measure of the number of rows and columns of dots that are printed in a square inch

Hardware--Input & Output 16 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers Impact printer Impact printer - forms characters or images by striking a mechanism such as a print hammer or wheel against an inked ribbon, leaving an image on paper Non-impact printer - forms characters and images without direct physical contact between the printing mechanism and paper

Hardware--Input & Output 17 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers Nonimpact printers: Laser printer - creates images on a drum which are treated with a magnetically charged toner, and then transferred from drum to paper Replacing a laser toner cartridge

Hardware--Input & Output 18 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers Nonimpact printers: Ink-jet printers - spray small, electrically charged droplets of ink from four nozzles through holes in a matrix at high speed Thermal printers - use colored waxes and heat to produce images by burning dots onto special paper Ink-jet printer

Hardware--Input & Output 19 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers Plotter - a specialized output device designed to produce high-quality graphics in a variety of colors

Hardware--Input & Output 20 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers Multifunction printer - output device that combines several capabilities, such as printing, scanning, copying, and faxing

Hardware--Input & Output 21 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Mixed Output: Sound, Voice, and Video Sound output devices - produce digitized sounds, ranging from beeps and chirps to music Voice output devices - convert digital data into speech- like sounds Video output - photographic images which are played at frames per second to give the appearance of full motion

Hardware--Input & Output 22 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Towards More Input from Remote locations The linkage of computers and telecommunications means that data may be input from nearly anywhere

Hardware--Input & Output 23 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Toward More Source Data Automation Input technology is being designed to capture data at its source to reduce the costs and mistakes associated with copying or preparing data in a form suitable for processing. Input help for the disabled More sophisticated touch devices

Hardware--Input & Output 24 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Toward More Source Data Automation More refinements in source data automation: Better speech recognition Smaller electronic cameras Pattern-recognition & biometric devices Brainwave devices Computer-read emotions

Hardware--Input & Output 25 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Toward More Output in Remote Locations Output in remote locations is the wave of the future. As TV and the personal computer converge, you can even have your PC continually receive any websites covering topics of interest to you

Hardware--Input & Output 26 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Toward More Realistic Output Display screens - better and cheaper Audio - higher fidelity Video - movie quality for PCs Three-dimensional display

Hardware--Input & Output 27 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6.5 Input & Output Technology & Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics Health Matters: RSIs Eyestrain & headaches Back & neck pains Electromagnetic fields Noise Carpal tunnel syndrome

Hardware--Input & Output 28 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ErgonomicsErgonomics - a field devoted to making working conditions and equipment safer and more efficient Ergonomic keyboard Ergonomics: Design with People in Mind

Hardware--Input & Output 29 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which type of scanning technology reads the special characters printed at the bottom of checks? Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)

Hardware--Input & Output 30 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the smallest unit on the screen that can be turned on and off or made different shades? Pixel (short for picture element)

Hardware--Input & Output 31 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which pointing device resembles a pencil eraser protruding from the center of the keyboard? Pointing stick

Hardware--Input & Output 32 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the measure specifying the number of times per second that screen pixels are recharged? Refresh rate

Hardware--Input & Output 33 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check How is screen resolution specified--vertical x horizontal, or horizontal x vertical? Horizontal x vertical

Hardware--Input & Output 34 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the measure of resolution for printers? Dots per inch (dpi)

Hardware--Input & Output 35 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the debilitating condition caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist? Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Hardware--Input & Output 36 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name of the vacuum tube used as a display screen in a television, computer, and video display terminal? Cathode-ray tube (CRT)

Hardware--Input & Output 37 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the amount of space between the centers of adjacent pixels? Dot pitch (dp)

Hardware--Input & Output 38 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of scanning technology is used to read pencil marks, such as those made by students on examination forms? OMR (Optical mark recognition)

Hardware--Input & Output 39 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name of injuries to the wrist, hand, arm, and neck resulting when muscle groups are forced through fast, repetitive motions? RSIs (Repetitive stress injuries)

Hardware--Input & Output 40 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which type of flat-panel display produces a brighter and sharper image--active-matrix display or passive-matrix display? Active-matrix display

Hardware--Input & Output 41 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is an example of an impact printer? Dot-matrix printer

Hardware--Input & Output 42 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which type of printer produces the very highest-quality color output? Thermal printer

Hardware--Input & Output 43 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the science of working conditions and equipment with the goal of improving worker safety and efficiency? Ergonomics

Hardware--Input & Output 44 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of software describes the shape and position of characters and graphics to a printer? PDL (Page description language)

Hardware--Input & Output 45 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of input device consists of a small, flat surface over which you slide your finger, using the same movements as you would with a mouse? Touchpad

Hardware--Input & Output 46 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of input device collects data directly from the environment and transmits it to a computer? Sensor

Hardware--Input & Output 47 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What circuit board installed inside the computers system cabinet provides fax capability to the computer? Fax modem

Hardware--Input & Output 48 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of terminal has its own memory and processor, as well as a display screen and keyboard? Intelligent terminal