Direct and Indirect (Reported) Speech

Direct Speech Прямая речь – это речь какого-нибудь лица, передаваемая без изменений, непосредственно так, как она была произнесена.

Direct Speech I like to read books.

Direct Speech Знаки препинания Pinocchio says, I like to read books.

Indirect (Reported) Speech Косвенная речь передает слова говорящего не слово в слово, а лишь по содержанию, в виде дополнительного придаточного предложения

Indirect speech Pinocchio says that he likes to read books.

Слова автора Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь (главное предложение), употреблен в настоящем или будущем времени, то глагол в косвенной речи (придаточное предложение) остается в том же времени, в каком он был в прямой речи.

For example: He says, "I sent them the books on Monday." - Он говорит: «Я послал им книги в понедельник». He says that he sent them the books on Monday. - Он говорит, что он послал им книги в понедельник.

He says to me, "I know it." – Он говорит мне: «Я знаю это». He says to me that he knows it. – Он говорит мне, что он знает это. He tells me that he knows it. – Он говорит мне, что он знает это.

Pronouns Личные и притяжательные местоимения прямой речи заменяются по смыслу, как и в русском языке: He says, "I have your key." – Он говорит: «У меня есть твой ключ». He says that he has my key. – Он говорит, что у него есть мой ключ.

Pinocchio says, The cat and the fox have taken my money." Pinocchio says that the cat and the fox have taken his money.

Просьбы Malawian says to her friends, Do all the homework in time. Malawian asks her friends to do all the homework in time. Просьбы и приказы переводятся в косвенную речь инфинитивом.

Запрет The bat says, Do not open this door. The bat warns not to open that door. Вместо можно warnиспользо вать tell, say

Общий вопрос общие вопросы переводятся придаточным предложением и вводятся союзами if, whether. Порядок слов прямой. He asks us, Do you believe me? He asks whether we believe him.

Специальный вопрос передается придаточным предложением и вводятся союзом, соответствующим вопросительному слову. Порядок слов становится прямым. She asks, When will the bank be opened tomorrow? She asks when the bank will be opened the next day.

Remember! this that yesterday the day before yesterday these those tomorrow the next day here there the day before yesterday two days before now then the day after tomorrow in two days time today that day ago before this week that week next week the week after

Lets practice Pinocchio says, Malawian, I love you. Pinocchio says that he loves Malawian.

What is correct? She asks, Where is Wales situated? 1. She asks where is Wales situated? 2. She wonders where Wales is situated. 3. She asks, «Where Wales is situated?»

What is correct? She asks, Is Wales situated on the Isles? 1. She asks, if Wales is situated on the Isles. 2. She asks, if is Wales situated on the Isles?»

Ты встретил своего приятеля Чарли. Вот что он тебе сказал: Charlie says that … 1.I'm thinking of going to Canada. 2. My farther is in hospital. 3. I haven't seen Bill for a while. 4. I've been playing tennis a lot recently. 5. I don't know what Fred is doing. 6. I work 14 hours a day. 7.I'll tell Jim I saw you. 8. You can come and stay with me if you are ever in London 9. Tom had an accident last week but he wasn't injured. 10. I saw Jack at a party a few months ago.

Тебя некоторое время не было в городе. Вот ты вернулся и встретил приятеля. Он задает тебе кучу вопросов: My friend asks … 1. How are you? 2. How long have you been back? 3. What are you doing now? 4. Where are you living? 5. Are you glad to be back? 6. Are you going away again? 7. Why did you come back? 8. Do you still go to gym every day? 9. Can you come to dinner on Friday?

Слова автора Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь (главное предложение), употреблен в прошедшем времени, то глагол в косвенной речи (придаточное предложение) меняется в соответствии с правилом согласования времен (Sequence of Tenses).

Sequence of Tenses Время в прямой речи Время в косвенной речи Present Simple My friend said, I want to go to England. Past Simple My friend said that he wanted to go to England. Present Progressive He said, She is playing tennis now. Past Progressive He said that she was playing tennis then. Present Perfect He said, She has told us the truth. Past Perfect He said that she had told them the truth. Present Perfect Progressive She said, I have been working all morning. Past Perfect Progressive She said, I have been working all morning.

Время в прямой речи Время в косвенной речи Past Simple He said, Tom phoned yesterday. Past Perfect He said, Tom had phoned the day before. Past Progressive He said, She was watching TV. Past Progressive He said that she was watching TV. Past Perfect He said, She had painted the wall. Past Perfect He said that she had painted the wall. Future Simple He said, It will rain tomorrow. Future Simple in the Past He said that it would rain tomorrow.

Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи, обратите внимание на изменение местоимений и видовременных форм глаголов. 1. They said, "This is our book." They said __________. 2. She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday." She said __________. 3. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow." He said __________. 4. You said, "I will do this for him." You said __________. 5. She said, "I am not hungry now." She said __________. 6. They said, "We have never been here before." They said __________. 7. They said, "We were in London last week." They said __________. 8. He said, She had finished this paper." He said __________. 9. He said, "They won't sleep." He said __________. 10. She said, "It is very quiet here." She said __________.

WELL DONE !