Special relativity. Special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the physical theory of measurement in an inertial.

Презентация:



Advertisements
Похожие презентации
General relativity. General relativity, or the general theory of relativity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916.
Advertisements

Coriolis effect. In physics, the Coriolis effect is a deflection of moving objects when they are viewed in a rotating reference frame. In a reference.
Gravitational wave. In physics, gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of spacetime which propagate as a wave, travelling outward from the source.
E = mc2 Disproved Einstein's Relativity WALTER ORLOV.
Centrifugal force (rotating reference frame). Centrifugal force (from Latin centrum "center" and fugere "to flee") can generally be any force directed.
Inertia Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion or rest, or the tendency of an object to resist any change.
Gravitation. Gravitation, or gravity, is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their masses. Gravitation.
Integral Integration is an important concept in mathematics and, together with its inverse, differentiation, is one of the two main operations in calculus.
Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of.
Correlation. In statistics, dependence refers to any statistical relationship between two random variables or two sets of data. Correlation refers to.
Diffraction and Interference. Interference and Diffraction Distinguish Waves from Particles O The key to understanding why light behaves like waves is.
Knot theory. In topology, knot theory is the study of mathematical knots. While inspired by knots which appear in daily life in shoelaces and rope, a.
How can we measure distances in open space. Distances in open space.
Strings String theory is an active research framework in particle physics that attempts to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity. It is a.
Benford Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, states that in lists of numbers from many (but not all) real-life sources of data, the leading.
Statistics Probability. Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data.[1][2] It deals with all aspects.
Einstein Albert Einstein ( /ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn] ( listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German theoretical physicist.
Карпова Александра РП-31. It is the form of the verb which shows the character of the action from the point of view of its progress or its completion.
Combination. In mathematics a combination is a way of selecting several things out of a larger group, where (unlike permutations) order does not matter.
RLC circuit. An RLC circuit (or LCR circuit) is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor, connected in series or in.
Транксрипт:

Special relativity

Special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the physical theory of measurement in an inertial frame of reference proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein (after the considerable and independent contributions of Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others) in the paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies".

It generalizes Galileo's principle of relativitythat all uniform motion is relative, and that there is no absolute and well-defined state of rest (no privileged reference frames)from mechanics to all the laws of physics, including both the laws of mechanics and of electrodynamics, whatever they may be. Special relativity incorporates the principle that the speed of light is the same for all inertial observers regardless of the state of motion of the source.

This theory has a wide range of consequences which have been experimentally verified, including counter- intuitive ones such as length contraction, time dilation and relativity of simultaneity, contradicting the classical notion that the duration of the time interval between two events is equal for all observers. (On the other hand, it introduces the space-time interval, which is invariant.) Combined with other laws of physics, the two postulates of special relativity predict the equivalence of mass and energy, as expressed in the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc 2, where c is the speed of light in vacuum.

The predictions of special relativity agree well with Newtonian mechanics in their common realm of applicability, specifically in experiments in which all velocities are small compared with the speed of light. Special relativity reveals that c is not just the velocity of a certain phenomenonnamely the propagation of electromagnetic radiation (light)but rather a fundamental feature of the way space and time are unified as spacetime. One of the consequences of the theory is that it is impossible for any particle that has rest mass to be accelerated to the speed of light.

The theory was originally termed "special" because it applied the principle of relativity only to the special case of inertial reference frames, i.e. frames of reference in uniform relative motion with respect to each other. Einstein developed general relativity to apply the principle in the more general case, that is, to any frame so as to handle general coordinate transformations, and that theory includes the effects of gravity.

The term is currently used more generally to refer to any case in which gravitation is not significant. General relativity is the generalization of special relativity to include gravitation. In general relativity, gravity is described using noneuclidean geometry, so that gravitational effects are represented by curvature of spacetime; special relativity is restricted to flat spacetime. Just as the curvature of the earth's surface is not noticeable in everyday life, the curvature of spacetime can be neglected on small scales, so that locally, special relativity is a valid approximation to general relativity. The presence of gravity becomes undetectable in a sufficiently small, free-falling laboratory.