Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 1 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Epoxy Resins for Civil Engineering Applications

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 2 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 What is Civil Engineering ???? Floorings –Self-leveling –Trowelable –Decorative Floorings [ Stone Carpets ] Concrete Repair –Mortars / Grouting –Bonding Systems –Crack Injection Concrete Protection and Repair

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 3 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Why Protect and Repair Concrete ? pH of concrete decreases due to acid attack (CO 2, SO 2, acid rain etc.) } pH decrease Chloride salts (e.g. de-icing) Corrosion of steel rebars Water absorption of concrete Frost Degradation of Concrete

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 4 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Desired properties Protection and repair of concrete ambient cure application window easy to apply workable pot-life quick dry to enable to walk on it after 1 day impact strength flexural strength resistance against mechanical stresses crack bridging properties ground water protection chemical resistance self-leveling and seamless flooring systems

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 5 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Features of Epoxy resins for CE adjustable curing speed at RT low sensitivity to moisture during curing very good adhesion on concrete and green-concrete very low linear shrinkage and corresponding tension very good chemical resistance very high durability BUT limited weatherability (UV-light)

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 6 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Typical Flooring Composition 2 Pack system [ or 3 pack ] Component AComponent B Epoxy ResinCuring AgentPigments Quartz sandAdditives mix prior to use, pot-life of 30 minutes to 2 hours Ambient Cure

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 7 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Surface Preparation Surface must be clean and sound. All dirt, laitance, grease, curing compounds and other foreign matter must be removed by sandblasting, abrasion, or acid etching. Water and dust must be removed from all surfaces immediately prior to application.

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 8 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Crack Bridging Self-leveling Flooring System Typical three layer (3 days operation) build-up Concrete Substrate 4 mm Concrete Inspection and Preparation Impregnation – 3– g/m2 – viscosity below 500 mPa.s – cover with 1000 g/m2 Quartz-sand mm Functional Layer – 2– 2700 g/m2 to 2 mm thickness – viscosity below 2000 mPa.s Finishing Layer – 2– 2700 g/mm2 to 2 mm thickness iscosity below 2000 mPa.s

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 9 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Dow Epoxy resins for Civil Engineering D.E.R. 331 / D.E.R. 336 Epoxy Resin –Liquid Bisphenol-A based Epoxy Resin D.E.R. 354 Epoxy Resin –Liquid Bisphenol-F based Epoxy Resin D.E.R. 352 / D.E.R. 356 Epoxy Resin –Liquid Bisphenol-A/F Epoxy Resin –{ to prevent crystallization } Reactive Diluent Blends { reduced viscosity } D.E.R. 321 / D.E.R. 324 Epoxy Resin –Bisphenol-A type D.E.R. 353 / D.E.R. 358 Epoxy Resin –Bisphenol-A/F type Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company D.E.R. 671-X75 and 684-EK40 Epoxy Resin Solutions –Primer - Surface Impregnation

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 10 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Self-leveling Flooring System Typical formulation: Binder [ % ]40 D.E.R.324 Liquid Epoxy Resin25.2 Quartz-sand [ mm ]35.2 Quartz-powder [ < 0.06 mm ]22.5 Titanium-dioxide [ Color ]1.7 Air-release agent0.4 –e.g. BYK A-525 Amine - Epoxy Adduct Curing Agent15.1 (e.g. Polypox H 043 ex. UPPC ) Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company {Concrete} Compressive Strength= 50 N/mm2 { 40 } Flexural Strength= 60 N/mm2 { 4 } Tensile Strength= 43 N/mm2 { 2 } STRONGER THAN CONCRETE !!!

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 11 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 D.E.R. 324 Liquid Epoxy Resin

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 12 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Regulatory Trends ground water protection »secondary containment VOC reduction and regulation elimination of aromatic amines use of safer reactive diluents

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 13 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 Technology Trends –lower temperature cure »curing down to, below, 0 °C »mainly driven by curing agent –lower viscosity { Bisphenol-A/F and RD blends } » °C –aqueous systems »coatings on concrete »polymer concrete »Epoxy Cement Concrete –flexible epoxy resins » % Elongation »crack-bridging concrete –non crystallizing Resins »stable on filler addition »winter time outside storage stable

Toine Dinnissen / March 28th 2007Page 14 NEO Chemical Seminar 2007 End of the Civil Engineering Part !!! Further Technical as well as Product Stewardship related information can be found on e.g. Dow Epoxy Products Portfolio incl. Corresponding technical datasheets, Dow Liquid Epoxy Resin Brochure Dow Epoxy Novolac Brochure Dow Epoxy Resin Product Stewardship Manual Dow Epoxy Curing Agents Product Stewardship Manual