Universal Scheme of Evolution as approach to Search Engine and Artificial Intelligence Alex Zakharov, Innovation Methodology Specialist May 28, 2013 Boston

History (1) In mid 20th century, Genrich Altshuller, the originator of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ in Russian), was working in the patent department of the Soviet navy.Genrich AltshullerTRIZ He observed the creative process of inventions birth and knew the inner workings, as he himself was a gifted inventor. Yet, the absence of truly useful instruments, the hardships of the entire process, and personal experience has led him to the thought of creating the invention methodology.

History (2) Further investigation the evolution of technical systems led Altshuller to the identification of 8 laws (trends) of technology evolution.8 laws (trends) of technology evolution Altshuller reviewed hundreds of thousands patents. From this massive amount of data, about 40,000 patents were selected that reflected meaningful innovation. Analysis of these patents provided insight into the development of technical systems, to the concept of evolution. Altshuller found that over time systems change in predictable ways, i.e. all inventions have common trends.

History (3) Marketing TRIZ Trends Decision-Making Process Management Society and Organizations Life on Earth Universe + Evolution facts of: ? ? Analysis & synthesis Universal Scheme of Evolution … … Marketing Decision-Making Process Management

Universal Scheme of Evolution Trend of Increasing of (External) System Coordination Trend of Increasing of System Value Trend of Increasing of System Dynamicity 4. Development of Existing System 8. System Components (elements & links) Changing 12. System with Increased Value 1. System with Decreased Viability 13. System with Increased Viability 11. Developed Existing System Trend of Increasing of System Viability 5. Systems' Combining 3. Creation of New System 6. Revealing of External Harmful Effects 9. System without External Harmful Effects 7. Revealing of Internal Harmful Effects 10. System without Internal Harmful Effects Trend of Increasing of (Internal) System Coordination 2. System with Decreased Value Trend of Transition to the Supersystem Trend of System Completeness

USE covers: Laws of dialectics: passage of quantitative changes into qualitative ones unity and conflict of opposites negation of the negation Scientific method: make observation formulate hypothesis test hypothesis accept hypothesis OR modify hypothesis Evolution of systems: Technical – machines and mechanisms, devices and instruments; Non-technical – culture (science and religion, literature and arts, management, market, society, and etc.); Natural – non-living, flora and fauna Methods of problem solving – non-algorithmic (Trial-and-Error) and algorithmic (TRIZ) tools System transformation, for example, by genetic algorithm Decision-making methods (tools, techniques) Human brain functioning What fields does USE cover?

USE covers scientific method Science (hypothesis, theory, paradigm) Trend of Increasing of (External) System Coordination Trend of Increasing of System Value Trend of Increasing of System Dynamicity 4. Development of Existing Science 8. Science Components (elements & links) Changing 12. Science with Increased Value 1. Science with Decreased Viability 13. Science with Increased Viability 11. Developed Existing Science 5. Sciences Combining 5. Sciences Combining 3. Creation of New Science 3. Creation of New Science 6. Revealing of External Harmful Effects of Science 9. Science without External Harmful Effects 7. Revealing of Internal Harmful Effects of Science 10. Science without Internal Harmful Effects Trend of Increasing of (Internal) System Coordination 2. Science with Decreased Value Trend of Transition to the Supersystem Trend of System Completeness Trend of Increasing of System Viability Ptolemaic system Copernican system

USE Software (USESoft) Due to its algorithmic structure, USE has been reborn as a software application.

Do you remember that USE describes process of systems survival by means problem solving for this system? What is Intelligence?

According to Jeff Hawkins and Sandra Blakeslee book On Intelligence: Intelligence is the ability to make predictions about the future. How does it work? The brain uses vast amounts of memory to create a model of the world.

Example from On Intelligence How can someone catch a ball? So, brain uses memory models in real time: (1)it chooses the available model, checks its suitability for ball catching, and follows this model, if model works properly; or (2)it continues to use model, which (with a slight modification) allows to catch a ball; or (3)it integrates positive features of two (or more) different models into new one; or (4)it throws improper model away and chooses new one to follow Brain does not calculate the ball trajectory in real time, instead it predicts its trajectory on base of memory model, which, in turn, is based on past experiences.

Scheme of Memory Evolution Trend of Increasing of (External) System Coordination Trend of Increasing of System Value Trend of Increasing of System Dynamicity 4. Development of Existing Memory 8. Memory Components (elements & links) Changing 12. Memory with Increased Value 1. Memory with Decreased Viability 13. Memory with Increased Viability 11. Developed Existing Memory Trend of Increasing of System Viability 5. Memories' Combining 3. Creation of New Memory 6. Revealing of Memory External Harmful Effects 9. Memory without External Harmful Effects 7. Revealing of Memory Internal Harmful Effects 10. Memory without Internal Harmful Effects Trend of Increasing of (Internal) System Coordination 2. Memory with Decreased Value Trend of Transition to the Supersystem Trend of System Completeness During the ball catching the memory evolves in accordance with scheme:

Universal Scheme of Evolution (USE) works as if it knows in advance evolution of any system. So, USE could be called the model of the world, and the entire USE-USESoft approach could be seen as theoretical base for Artificial Intelligence system. USE as the basis for Artificial Intelligence

In accordance with logic of evolution, ISE (Search Engine + USE) will redesign the simply listed Internet facts about System into USEs clusters (groups) with names System with Decreased Viability, System with Decreased Value, etc. Intelligent Search Engine (ISE) ??? Because of USE clusters rigid structure and their definite names, it will be clear – where unknown facts are, and what they are about. Intelligent Search Engine could be called the analogue to Periodic Table, which in its time helped to describe unknown chemical elements. So, ISE will describe unknown informational white spots in the Internet… Some clusters will be filled less than others; some clusters will be empty at all (clusters with ???). Intelligent Search Engine will request scientists to conduct detailed research to discover unknown facts about analized System. ??? Non-structured List of facts Facts, structured by USE

Structure of Fields of Knowledge There are known knowns; there are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns; that is to say, there are things that we now know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns – there are things we do not know we don't know. Donald Rumsfeld, United States Secretary of Defense So, now with USE we at least know the structure of unknown unknowns, for example…

Intelligent Search Engine (ISE) would conduct detailed research to discover new facts about System and put these facts into Internet by itself, even without interaction with Scientists Self-filling Internet ??? Robot Makes Scientific Discovery All by Itself ence/2009/04/robotscientist ??? Intelligent Search Engine + Internet + Robot-Scientist = Discovery Machine

Universal Trends of Evolution and Artificial Intelligence Alex Zakharov Innovation Methodology Specialist May 28, 2013 Boston THANKS!