4.5 Alluvial fans. Basin margin (fault) Feeder canyon Active depositional lobe Fan apex Fan toe Alluvial fans.

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4.5 Alluvial fans

Basin margin (fault) Feeder canyon Active depositional lobe Fan apex Fan toe Alluvial fans

An alluvial fan at the edge of a basin in a hot, arid climate

Scree and debris flow fan ~50 m radius (Spitsbergen) Fluvial fan ~50 km radius (Taklimakan Desert, China)

Types of alluvial fan Mixtures of these processes can occur on a single fan

Debris-flow dominated alluvial fans are small, steep and made up of overlapping lobes of poorly-sorted conglomerate

Debris flows

Sedimentary logs through alluvial fan deposits Debris flow dominated fan. Matrix-supported, poorly sorted conglomerate beds, no sedimentary structures Sheetflood fan deposits. Horizontally stratified conglomerate and sandstone Stream channel fans. Channel-fill units of conglomerates and sandstones in fining- up successions (braided river deposits) metres - 10s metres

Sheetflood dominated alluvial fans are typically kilometres in radius and made up of sheets of moderately-sorted, clast-supported conglomerate

Sheetfloods

Sedimentary logs through alluvial fan deposits Debris flow dominated fan. Matrix-supported, poorly sorted conglomerate beds, no sedimentary structures Sheetflood fan deposits. Horizontally stratified conglomerate and sandstone Stream channel fans. Channel-fill units of conglomerates and sandstones in fining- up successions (braided river deposits) metres - 10s metres

Stream dominated alluvial fans are kilometres to tens of kilometres in radius and made up of stream channel deposits and overbank sediments

Imbricated, clast supported Conglomerates and sandstones Stream channel deposits