Outline of Presentation Security Business and Guarding Problems Security Business and Guarding Problems Guarding Technologies based on Guarding Technologies based on Human Detection & Localization Human Detection & Localization World Trends & Competitors World Trends & Competitors Wireless Technologies Wireless Technologies Standardization Standardization Our Projects vs. Competitors Our Projects vs. Competitors Strategy and Direction for Future Development Strategy and Direction for Future Development

Security Business and Guarding Problems

Home Security Problems Problem Doors & Windows & Perimeter Check Solution Motion Sensor, 1-D Radar Problem Intruder Detection Solution Motion Sensor Problem Children Management (at home and in the yard) Solution Positioning System, 2-D Radar Problem Values & Documents Safe Keeping Solution 1-D Radar

Office & Warehouse Security Problems Problem Perimeter Check Solution Motion Sensor, 1-D Radar Problem Intruder Detection Solution Motion Sensor, 2-D Radar Problem Personal Location & Emergency Alarm Solution Positioning System Problem Goods Tracking, Values & Documents Location and Safe Keeping Solution Positioning System, 1-D Radar

Terrorism & Rescue Security Problems Problem Perimeter Check Solution Motion Sensor, 1-D Radar Problem Intruder Detection Solution Motion Sensor, 2-D Radar Problem Security Control: Detection of Weapon and some prohibited things Solution 1-D Radar, 2-D Radar Problem Detection position of criminal inside closed area Solution Through-the-Wall Vision Problem Detection position of people in the heap after disaster or explosion Solution Through-the-Wall Vision

Guarding Technologies based on Human Detection & Localization

2-D Radar & Positioning System 2-D Radar Defining (x,y) position of an object Technology – UWB Main parameters– coverage area, resolution, minimum object size FCC compliance – possible Advantages – can resolve objects by size, getting coordinates Disadvantage– complexity high, complex antenna Positioning System Defining position of number of objects equipped with active tag Technologies – Spread Spectrum, b-like, UWB Main parameters– coverage area, accuracy of positioning, number of served objects FCC compliance – possible Advantages – real-time tracking objects Disadvantage– complexity and cost are high 2-D Radar Defining (x,y) position of an object Technology – UWB Main parameters– coverage area, resolution, minimum object size FCC compliance – possible Advantages – can resolve objects by size, getting coordinates Disadvantage– complexity high, complex antenna Positioning System Defining position of number of objects equipped with active tag Technologies – Spread Spectrum, b-like, UWB Main parameters– coverage area, accuracy of positioning, number of served objects FCC compliance – possible Advantages – real-time tracking objects Disadvantage– complexity and cost are high

World Trends & Competitors Wireless Technologies Standardization

802.11b-like Spread Spectrum Technology Real Time Location System - RTLS INCITS T20 International Committee for Information Technology Standards, Working Group T20 Wide Base of Membership: end users, vendors industry groups, up to 30 companies. Main Players: Symbol Technologies, RF Technologies, PinPoint Company, AeroScout, QED Systems, WhereNet, RF Technologies Accepted in August, 2003 Two Air Interface Specifications - ANSI – 2.4 GHz - ANSI – 433 MHz One common API - ANSI 371.3

RTLS Spread Spectrum Radio Frequency Beacon Transceiver RTLS Spread Spectrum Radio Frequency Beacon Transceiver 2- Dimensional Location 2- Dimensional Location Nominal 3-meter Locate Accuracy in Open Field Nominal 3-meter Locate Accuracy in Open Field 300 Meters Open Field Range 300 Meters Open Field Range Compatibility with US RF Regulatory Requirement Compatibility with US RF Regulatory Requirement Compatible With Systems Compliant with IEEE Compatible With Systems Compliant with IEEE ANSI GHz Air Interface

Operating frequency range 2400– MHz Operating frequency accuracy ± 25 ppm maximum Center frequency MHz Occupied channel bandwidth 60 MHz Transmit power Class 1: 10 dBm EIRP max. Class 2: Max per FCC part 15 Spurious emission out of band Within FCC part 15 specification Modulation BPSK Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Data bit rate 59.7 kbit/sec Bit error rate 0.001% PN chip rate MHz +/- 25 ppm PN code length 511 PN spread code 0x1CB Blink interval Programmable 5 sec. minimum Blink interval randomization ±638 milliseconds minimum Number of sub-blinks Programmable Sub-blink interval randomization 125 milliseconds ±15 milliseconds Maximum Frequency Drift <+/- 2 ppm over the duration of the entire message Phase Accuracy < 0.5 radians within any 33 microsecond period Phase Noise < 15 degrees when the noise is integrated from 100hz to 100khz ANSI Air Interface Details

RTLS Solutions and Customers Solutions - Identification and Location - Telemetry and Monitoring - Operator and Machine Messaging - Inventory Management - Container Tracking - Outdoor/Yard Tracking Implementation Examples (WhereNet Company) West Coast Marine Terminal Operator Location and Tracking Sea Containers Ford Motor Company Vehicle Inventory Management Solution

Our Projects vs. Competitors

SRC Project – Local Positioning System StartJanuary, 2003 Goal - 2-D indoor positioning system based on like Spread Spectrum Technology - required accuracy - 2 meters indoor Current Status - second generation small-cost, small size prototype development - algorithm improvement to meet the system specification Possible Problems - insufficient accuracy of positioning due FCC bandwidth limitation, possible value may be two three times worse Competitors (existing systems) - development started in the middle of 90th - similar system already on the market - declared accuracy – less then 3 meters in open space with three more times bandwidth - BS connected with server by wire – high installation cost

Strategy and Direction for Future Development

Core Technologies: like Spread Spectrum Technology Current - good HW, SW and algorithm know-how in like Spread Spectrum Technology received during LPS and E-LPS projects implementation - fully internal know-how: - two patent application in 2003, - three patent application are planned for a lot of experiments with real system prototype and deep understanding of the physical nature of the technology - developed HW and SW allow make testing the technology in any environment Direction - finalizing experiment to define physical positioning accuracy limit with current parameters of the system - possible participation in INCITS activities and changing the system parameters to meet the RTLS standard - to define and develop possibility to combine this technology with UWB technology to increase accuracy of positioning - to find exact place for the technology on the market of security system and services

Future Project: like Technology 2005 Commercial Project E-LPS system commercialization - transfer technology to S1 engineers - supporting commercialization process - making special testing SW and procedures - etc Advanced Project E- LPS system with UWB measurement features Goal - to increase positioning accuracy using UWB signals for pseudo- distance measurements Approach – use UWB technology for measurements and like technology for wireless communication and synchronization Deliverables – the system prototype with sub-meter accuracy