ROMANTIC MUSIC (1810 – 1910) Made by Julia Balberkina

Main Features Music became closer to art, literature and theater; Opera becomes a "total art work" combining music and drama with rapid stage action and melodramatic plot; Virtuous piano works; New forms; Romantic songs including "songs without words"; Nocturnes; Rhapsodies; Preludes; Interest in folk music.

The first great Romantic composer was Ludwig van Beethoven ( ). His early works owed much to Haydn and Mozart, but he gradually learned to express his own dramatic feelings in his music. His nine symphonies are among the most important orchestral works ever written. Early in his career, Beethoven became almost completely deaf. He never really heard many of his great compositions performed except in his own mind.

Among later Romantic composers in Germany was Franz Schubert whose songs for voice and piano are still widely loved and played ( ) Franz Schubert

Robert Schumann (1810 – 1856) was a great composer for the piano.

Johannes Brahms (1833 – 1897) was a composer, whose orchestral works seek to outshine even Beethoven's.

The Polish-French pianist Frederic Chopin (1810 – 1849) was the largest representative of the Polish musical art. He developed many genres: revived a prelude on a romantic basis, created piano ballads, poeticized and dramatized dances a mazourka, a polonaise, a waltz; transformed a scherzo into independent work.He enriched harmony and the piano invoice; combined classical forms with melodic riches and imagination. 2 concerts, 3 sonatas, imagination, 4 ballads, 4 scherzos, impromptus, nocturnes, etudes and other works for a piano; songs.

Franz Liszt (1811 – 1886) Franz Liszt was an Austro- Hungarian composer, a pianist, a teacher, a conductor, a writer, one of the leading representatives of the romantic music. The quest for new ways, the wealth of imagination, boldness and novelty of the techniques are seen in his works. His instrumental compositions represent a remarkable step forward in musical architectonics.

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (1813 – 1901) was an Italian composer, the central figure of Italian Opera School.

Russian Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840 – 1893)became a master of the symphony and other orchestral forms as well as operas and ballets.

Meanwhile, opera became the great national music of Italy. Late in the 1800s, Richard Wagner (1813 – 1883) developed a form of grand opera in Germany.