Alcohol in Pregnancy and the newborn (Ethnol)- substance

Ethanol crosses the placenta (teratogenic) => result to: I.FAS (fetal Alcohol syndrome) Intake of 2 oz. of alcohol/day or increase level of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy Prominent nose and bird-like face Acetaldehyde

S/S: post partum manifestation i.Tremors ii.Irritable iii.Weak suck reflex iv.Always awake or asleep v.Distinct facial feature as short palpebral fissures, hypoplastic upper lip (thinned upper lip), thin vermillion, short upturned noses and flattened nasal bridges and epicanthic folds

vi. Small eyes vii. Flattened maxilla viii. Hirsutism Long term effects: a.Mental retardation b.Growth retartdation c.Central nervous system involvement d.Microcephaly

Management: Advice mother to quit alcohol or avoid alchol when pregnant Educate the mother regarding its danger to fetus.

Smoking, Pregnancy and the newborn Nicotine- >10 cigarettes/ day

Harmful to fetus because: 1.Carbon monoxide entrapment by the placenta- decrease blood flow=> uterine hypoxia 2.Vasoconstriction of the uterine vessels- decrease tissue perfusion 3.Constriction of uterine arteries

Effects: I.Fetus 1.Premature rupture of the membranes 2.Small for gestation age (SGA) vasoconstriction action of nicotine Increase level of CO in blood stream 1.Underweight (IUGR) – intrauterine growth absorption decrease supply of nutrient and oxygen Smokers eat less

Nursing responsibilities: Advice mother to quit smoking or < smoking less 10 cigarette/ day and none within 48 of delivery Nutritional counseling- avoid junk foods, nutritious food intak Join non-smoking or stop smoking group. PLEASE NO SMOKING signs in arease of pregnant mother. Health care provider to serve as model. Quit smoking not only for fetus but for self.

Mothers Halitosis, stained teeth, lips and fingers 2.Habit forming.