Management Information Systems An Introduction Management Information Systems An Introduction

MIS 715 Eaton Fall Why Do People Need Information? Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

MIS 715 Eaton Fall Data vs. Information Data A given, or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information Information Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulation

MIS 715 Eaton Fall Data Manipulation Example: customer survey Reading through data collected from a customer survey with questions in various categories would be time- consuming and not very helpful. When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.

MIS 715 Eaton Fall Generating Information Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output. Figure 1.1 Input-process-output

MIS 715 Eaton Fall What Is a System? System: A set of components that work together to achieve a common goal Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems Open system: System that interfaces with other systems

1- System: Government 2- Sub System: -- Government of Punjab etc. Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems

System: A group of elements that are integrated with the common purpose of achieving an objective. Physical System: The business firm is a Physical System transforming input (raw material) into output (finished goods or services). Conceptual System: A system that uses conceptual resources (data & information) to represent a Physical System. Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems Data and Information

Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory. Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems

Data vs. Information Data are streams (collection) of raw facts & figures e.g. Marks of Students in Quiz # 1 Information is Data shaped into meaningful form Information is a processed form of Data E.g. List of TOP 5 Students in Quiz # 1 Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems

Information system: Any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks, and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization. Information system: Three activities produce information organizations need Input: Captures raw data from organization or external environment Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form Output: Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems An information system contains information about an organization and its surrounding environment. Three basic activitiesinput, processing, and output produce the information organizations need. Feedback is output returned to appropriate people or activities in the organization to evaluate and refine the input. Environmental actors, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders, and regulatory agencies, interact with the organization and its information systems. Functions of an Information System

Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the environment. Information Systems Are More Than Computers

informationDecisions problem Solution Management Information System Accounting Information System Management Information System Decision Support System Knowledge Based System HR Information System Others…

Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems Management Information System The field that deals with behavioral as well as technical issues and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm regarding Decision Making in problem solving is called Management Information System OR The study of information systems focusing on their use in business and management.

Organizational dimension of information systems Hierarchy of authority, responsibility Senior management Middle management Operational management Data workers Production or service workers Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems

Perspectives on Information Systems Management Information Systems Business organizations are hierarchies consisting of three principal levels: senior management, middle management, and operational management. Information systems serve each of these levels. Scientists and knowledge workers often work with middle management. Levels in a Firm