Ways of Connection to the Internet

1. Connection by using of telephone line

a) Dial Up Connection Internal modems External modems

The work of Modem - sends a signal - dials (provider modem pool) - sets the connection - converts data into sound signals - broadcasts them to the provider modem - provider modem performs reverse operation - the modem sends a signal that the line is free

Advantages: - a modem - a telephone line Disadvantages: - speed – 57,6 Kilobit per second - phone line isnt free - payment of the worktime

b) Connection by ADSL (Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line) - Access point to the Internet - Telephone Station - Delimiters of frequencies - Computer - ADSL-modem - Telephone - Telephone line between your office and Telephone Station

Two ranges for work high-frequency Low-frequency Two standards Annex A Annex BAnnex BAnnex BAnnex B Annex B

Advantages: - High-speed of Data Transmission - an existed line - telephone and Internet work at the same time - payment for accepted information Disadvantages: - expensive equipment - the speed of data receiving is much more than the speed of data sending to the Internet

2. Connection by the network of cable television (DOCSIS – Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications) Two ways of transmission: -Downstream by CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System) -Upstream by Cable Modem Maximum speed Data receiving data sending 304 Megabit 108Megabit

Advantages: -Using of TV-cable Disadvantages: - Dependence on the numbers of subscribers

Input into the flat Coaxial cable divisor TV-set Filter of return channel Twisted pair Computer Cable Modem

3. Connection FTTx FTTN ( Fiber to the Node) FTTC (Fiber to the Corb) FTTB (Fiber to the Building) FTTH (Fiber to the Home)

Your house The Access knot Copper Cable Server Fiber to the Building Fiber-optic cable

Advantages: - high-speed – 100Mbit per second - the same speed data transmission to the subscriber and from the subscriber Disadvantages: - laying of individual cable

4. Free-cable Connection by cellular networks 1.Standards 2G: GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) – 171,2 Kilobit per second (in fact - 56) EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) – 474 Kilobit per second (in fact - 180)

2. Standards 3G: -UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) -CDMA 2000 (Code Division Multiple Access) -Technology HSDPA (High-speed Downlink Packet Access)

3. Standards 4G: -WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) – speed – 75 Mbit/s -3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution – speed – 326,4 Mbit/s)

Examples of 3G, 4G Modems

Advantages: -Free Cable Connection Disadvantages: -very expensive -limited speed -the quality is low

5. Cable free Connection by WiFi WiFi Standards: -IEEE b – 11 Mbit/s -IEEE g – 54 Mbit/s -IEEE n – 600 Mbit/s

Examples of WiFi adapters

WiFi Access

6. Connection via Satellite Two ways of Connection via Satellite: -one-sided Satellite Internet -two-sided Satellite Internet

Advantages: -Independence From surface lines -High eventual speed Disadvantages: -Special equipment -Complication of setting and tuning -High-ping -Limitations of aerial setting -Expensive way