Adaptometry: Models of Adaptation and Measurement of Physiological Fitness Alexander Gorban Leicester, 12/03/ Joint work with Elena Smirnova

Plan Effect Indicators Data Optimality and Factors-Resources models Source of optimality

Effect Comfort Stress Disadaptation (near the death) Physiological parameters Worse Better

Indicators

λ 1 1

Lipid metabolism: newborn children, Far North 1 – 3 day 4 – 6 day 7 – 10 day Immigrant families Native population

Lipid metabolism: newborn children, Far North Immigrant families

Lipid metabolism: newborn children, Far North How long the mother has lived on Far North (years) Immigrant families

Lipid metabolism: 1-year old children, Far North Immigrant families A – artificial feeding from the first days, B – artificial feeding after 6 months, C – breast feeding.

Activity of Lymphocytic Enzymes, Black Sea resort, first 20 days dynamics People from Far North People from Central Russia

Activity of Lymphocytic Enzymes, Far North, after first 6 months A - People which did not have any illness during 6 months B - People which have been ill at least once during 6 month

Activity of Lymphocytic Enzymes, Far North, after first 6 months

Activity of Lymphocytic Enzymes, children from primary schools A – Central Russia B – Far North Intensive working out (swimming) No intensive working out (standard control)

Cancer: Disadaptation, decorrelation and death after operation

Adaptation as distribution of a hypothetical nonspecific resource The adaptation energy (H. Selye) Many different environmental factors affect living creatures.

Law of the Minimum (1) The principle behind Liebigs Law of the Minimum is quite simple. It means the rarest necessity an organism requires will be the limiting factor to its performance. See the hole in the bucket illustration. One hole is near the bottom of the bucket, another about midway, and the final hole just below the top. The lowest hole limits the amount of water the bucket can hold. Plugging the upper holes will not help, since water will still pour out the lower hole. By: Grant R. Woods and Bryan Kinkel

Law of the Minimum (2)

Law of the Minimum (3)

Law of the Minimum (4) R

Law of the Minimum PARADOX If for a randomly selected pair State of environment – State of organism the Law of the Minimum is valid (everything is limited by the factor with the worst value), Then, after adaptation, many factors (the maximally possible amount of them) are equally important!

Sinergetic interaction of factors Maxima in vertices

Sinergetic interaction of factors Maxima in vertices of the polyhedron: Each vertex of this polyhedron corresponds to a set of indexes: This means that factors are neutralized, and resource is not assigned for factors

Law of the Minimum INVERSE PARADOX If for a randomly selected pair State of environment – State of organism many factors are equally important and superlinear amplify each other (the generalized fitness is a convex function), Then, after adaptation, the Law of the Minimum is valid (everything is limited by the factor with the worst non-compensated value)!

The source of optimality

Additional verification Stress in experimental populations of rats and mice; Stress in grassy plants; Industrial emission impact (phenolic compounds) on Scots Pine …

Conclusion: we have The effect; The explanation The verification And many applications… Bibliography: